Comparison of genotypes, antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of oral and non oral Enterococcus faecalis from Brazil, Japan and the United Kingdom.

Objectives: To determine whether phenotypic and genotypic differences amongst isolates ofEnterococcus faecalis relate to geographical and clinical origin.

Methods: E. faecalis from primary endodontic infections in Brazilian patients (n = 20), oral infections in UK patients (n = 10), and non-oral infections in Japanese patients (n = 9) were studied.

Effect of final irrigation protocols on push-out bond strength of an epoxy resin root canal sealer to dentin.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different final irrigation protocols on push-out bond strength of an epoxy resin root canal sealer to dentin. Eighty single-rooted anterior teeth were used. The root canals were partially prepared using a rotary system and the final diameter was standardised using a #5 Gates-Glidden drill prior to the push-out bond test.

Refinement influence in the cleaning efficacy of rotary nickel-titanium Mtwo instruments in oval-shaped canals by means of optical microscopy.

Objective: This study evaluated the cleaning efficacy of the rotary nickel-titanium Mtwo by means of optical microscopy in oval-shaped root canals and compared refinement influence using ultrasonic files or Hedströem files.

Materials And Methods: Twenty mandibular incisors were accessed, included in epoxy resin blocks, and cut transversely at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex. Teeth were instrumented using rotary nickel-titanium Mtwo.

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits of Enterococcus faecalis from primary endodontic infections.

Objectives: To determine the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis recovered from primary endodontic infections in Brazilian patients.

Methods: Twenty isolates of E. faecalis recovered from 43 Brazilian patients with primary endodontic infections were identified by biochemical profiling (API20Strep) and 16S rDNA sequencing.

Cytotoxicity of root canal sealers on endothelial cell cultures.

This study evaluated, in vitro, the cytotoxicity of six root canal sealers after 12, 24 and 72 h of contact time, using an endothelial ECV-304 cell line. The MTT assay was used for analysis of cell viability. Twelve specimens of each sealer were prepared and randomly assigned to 6 groups according to the commercial brands (n=4/time).

Mapping large extensions of flat dentin through digital microscopy: introduction to the method and possible applications.

Purpose: To introduce a mapping method to characterize large dentin surfaces using digital microscopy and to discuss the advantages and possible applications of the method.

Materials And Methods: Twenty unerupted third molars were sectioned transversally exposing coronal dentin surfaces. The microscopic mosaic method was used to generate a large field image with the resolution necessary to measure characteristics of dentin tubules.

A microbiological profile of unexposed and exposed pulp space of primary endodontic infections by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate, by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, the composition of the microbiota of primary endodontic infections in cases associated with exposed (n = 30) and unexposed (n = 30) pulp space.

Methods: Samples were collected by means of a #15 H-type file and 2 sterile paper points from 60 single-rooted teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesions. The presence, levels, and proportions of 40 bacterial species were determined by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.

Clinical management of a complicated crown-root fracture: a case report.

This report describes the clinical procedures involved in the treatment of a complicated crown-root fracture in the maxillary left central incisor with a wide open apex of a 10-year-old male patient, due to fall from his own height. Post-trauma treatment comprised cervical pulpotomy and adhesive tooth fragment reattachment. After 1 year, clinical and radiograph examinations showed pulp necrosis and an associated periapical lesion.

Efficacy of five rotary systems versus manual instrumentation during endodontic retreatment.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ProFile, GT, ProTaper, Race and K3 rotary instruments compared with hand K-files for removal of gutta-percha during retreatment. Sixty mandibular premolars were instrumented with GT rotary files and filled by thermomechanical compaction of gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. The teeth are randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 specimens each.

Matrix metalloproteinases and chemokines in the gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and monocyte chemoattractants are key modulators of the biological mechanisms triggered in the periodontium by mechanical forces. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) provides a non-invasive method to assess longitudinally the release of inflammatory mediators during orthodontic tooth movement. The goal of this study was to examine the GCF levels of MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 and of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) at different time points during orthodontic tooth movement.

Interfacial adaptation of the Epiphany self-adhesive sealer to root dentin.

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate interfacial quality between both Epiphany and Epiphany SE and the surrounding dentin having conventional gutta-percha/AH plus root filling as reference for comparison.

Study Design: A sample of 36 human maxillary canines was prepared and assigned to experimental groups of 12 teeth each, designated as G1, Resilon/Epiphany; G2, Resilon/Epiphany SE; and G3, gutta-percha/AH Plus. After the filling procedures, each specimen was horizontally sectioned at 3, 6, and 8 mm from the apex and a metallographic preparation was performed to enable the evaluation under Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM).

Suboptimal debridement quality produced by the single-file F2 ProTaper technique in oval-shaped canals.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine whether the debridement quality of the single-file F2 ProTaper instrumentation technique is comparable to a full conventional ProTaper sequence in both round and oval-shaped root canals.

Methods: Fifty-four recently extracted vital lower incisors were instrumented with either a full range of ProTaper Universal instruments in rotary motion (group 1) or with the single-file F2 ProTaper technique in reciprocating motion (group 2). Teeth were previously classified as round or oval-shaped by means of bidirectional radiographs, resulting in 24 round canals, 24 oval canals, and 12 controls.

Assessment of apically extruded debris produced by the single-file ProTaper F2 technique under reciprocating movement.

Objective: This study was designed to quantitatively evaluate the amount of dentin debris extruded from the apical foramen by comparing the conventional sequence of the ProTaper Universal nickel-titanium (NiTi) files with the single-file ProTaper F2 technique.

Study Design: Thirty mesial roots of lower molars were selected, and the use of different instrumentation techniques resulted in 3 groups (n=10 each). In G1, a crown-down hand-file technique was used, and in G2 conventional ProTaper Universal technique was used.

Isolation and taxonomy of filamentous fungi in endodontic infections.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to research the presence of filamentous fungi in the root canals of teeth with pulp necrosis and periapical lesions and to perform the taxonomic study of the isolates.

Methods: Samples collected from 60 root canals with sterile absorbent paper points were inoculated in Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol. The material was cultured from 7-14 days at room temperature to observe mycelial growth.

Push-out bond strength of Resilon/Epiphany and Resilon/Epiphany self-etch to root dentin.

Introduction: The present study was designed to investigate the bond strength produced by Epiphany and Epiphany SE to root canal dentin.

Methods: A sample of 36 human upper canines was prepared and assigned to experimental groups (n = 12), designated as group 1, Resilon/Epiphany; group 2, Resilon/Epiphany SE; and group 3, AH Plus/gutta-percha. After the filling procedures, each tooth was prepared for push-out assessment by using root slices of 1-mm thickness.

Bacterial leakage in root canals filled with calcium hydroxide paste associated with different vehicles.

This in vitro study evaluated, using a bacterial leakage model, whether intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]-based pastes prepared with different vehicles, has inhibitory effect on corono-apical leakage of bacteria. Forty instrumented human canines were dressed with Ca(OH)2 p.a.

Dye extraction results on bacterial leakproof root fillings.

This study was designed to assess and compare the sensitivity and sealability results between bacterial leakage and dye extraction. Eighty mandibular incisors were prepared, and their roots were filled as follows (n = 20): G1, lateral condensation; G2, System B; and G3, Thermafil system. All teeth were mounted in a 2-chamber apparatus, and the coronal access was exposed to human saliva for 100 days.

A microbiological profile of symptomatic teeth with primary endodontic infections.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the microbiota of primary endodontic infections associated with symptomatic teeth. Samples were collected by means of a #15 H-type file and 2 sterile paper points from 60 symptomatic (n = 30) or asymptomatic (n = 30) single-rooted teeth with necrotic pulp. The presence of 40 bacterial species was determined by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method.

Similar glucose leakage pattern on smear-covered, EDTA-treated and BioPure MTAD-treated dentin.

This study assessed the effect of BioPure MTAD on the sealing ability on the basis of the filtration rate of glucose along the root fillings. Both 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and smear-covered dentin were used as reference patterns to compare the results. Sixty-four human upper incisors were prepared with different irrigation protocols (n = 18): G1, NaOCl; G2, NaOCl + EDTA; and G3, NaOCl + BioPure MTAD.

Antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine by two different tests.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of sodium hypochlorite (1% and 5%) and chlorhexidine (0.12%, 0.5% and 1%) with or without the addition of organic material (bovine serum albumin, BSA) against some bacterial samples (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) using two activity tests (contact and diffusion agar tests).

Longitudinal and quantitative evaluation of dentin demineralization when subjected to EDTA, EDTAC, and citric acid: a co-site digital optical microscopy study.

Objective: In the present study the chelating power of EDTA, EDTAC, and 1% citric acid (CA) on radicular dentin was quantitatively analyzed.

Study Design: Nine maxillary human molars were selected from which 3-mm thick discs were obtained at the root cervical third, and a standardized smear layer was produced. Co-site image sequences of the dentine surface submitted to 17% EDTA, EDTAC, and 1% CA were obtained after several cumulative demineralization times.

Longitudinal co-site optical microscopy study on the chelating ability of etidronate and EDTA using a comparative single-tooth model.

In the present study the smear layer dissolution kinetics of 18% etidronate (HEBP), 9% HEBP, and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on human dentin were quantitatively and longitudinally analyzed by using a single-tooth comparative model. Coronal dentin disks were prepared from 3 maxillary human molars. A standardized smear layer was produced on the pulpal side of each disk.

The ability of Portland cement, MTA, and MTA Bio to prevent through-and-through fluid movement in repaired furcal perforations.

This study assessed the ability of Portland cement, white Angelus-mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and MTA Bio to seal furcal perforations in extracted human molar teeth. Fifty-five human mandibular molar teeth were accessed, and the canal orifices were located. The roots were horizontally sectioned in the middle third.

Dentin demineralization when subjected to BioPure MTAD: a longitudinal and quantitative assessment.

In the present study, the demineralizing ability of BioPure MTAD (Dentsply/Tulsa, Tulsa, OK), 17% EDTA, and 5% citric acid on radicular dentin was quantitatively and longitudinally analyzed. 3 mm thick disks were obtained at the root cervical third from 9 maxillary human molars, and a standardized smear layer was produced. Cosite images of the dentin surface were obtained after several cumulative demineralization times.

Sealing ability of oval-shaped canals filled using the System B heat source with either gutta-percha or Resilon: an ex vivo study using a polymicrobial leakage model.

Objective: The present study systematically compared the sealing ability of oval-shaped canals filled using the System B heat source with either gutta-percha/sealer or Resilon/Epiphany.

Study Design: Eighty mandibular incisors with oval-shaped canals were selected after buccolingual and mesiodistal radiographs and divided into 3 experimental groups (n = 20). The teeth were obturated as follows: G1: gutta-percha/Pulp Canal Sealer EWT using cold lateral condensation; G2: gutta-percha/Pulp Canal Sealer EWT using the System B heat source; and G3: Resilon tips and Epiphany sealer using the System B heat source.