Pediatric relapsed/refractory ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma treatment and outcomes in the targeted drug era.

Treatment options for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) have increased in the era of targeted therapies such as brentuximab vedotin (BV) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) inhibitors. However, there is no standard treatment and limited published data evaluating their use. The goal of this retrospective study is to describe current real-world treatment and outcomes of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with R/R ALK-positive ALCL.

Addressing Disparities Using Continuous Glucose Monitors and Remote Patient Monitoring for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and public insurance have lower diabetes technology use. This pilot study assessed the feasibility of a program to support continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use with remote patient monitoring (RPM) to improve glycemia for youth with established T1D and public insurance.

Methods: From August 2020 to June 2023, we provided CGM with RPM support via patient portal messaging for youth with established T1D on public insurance with challenges obtaining consistent CGM supplies.

Psychosocial outcomes in a diverse sample of youth and their families who initiated continuous glucose monitoring within the first year of type 1 diabetes diagnosis.

Aims: Psychosocial impacts of early continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) initiation in youth soon after type 1 diabetes diagnosis are underexplored. We report parent/guardian and youth patient-reported outcomes (PROs) that measure psychosocial states for families in 4T Study 1.

Materials And Methods: Of the 133 families in the 4T Study 1, 132 parent/guardian and 66 youth (≥11 years) were eligible to complete PROs.

Trends in Continuation of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Among Adolescents Receiving Medicaid.

Purpose: Despite increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) among U.S. adolescents, there is limited literature on factors affecting intrauterine device (IUD) or subdermal implant use.

Language Disparities in Caregiver Satisfaction with Physician Communication at Well Visits from 0-2 Years.

Objective: This study aimed to describe caregiver satisfaction with physician communication over the first two years of life and examine differences by preferred language and the relationship to physician continuity.

Methods: Longitudinal data were collected at well visits (2 months to 2 years) from participants in a randomized controlled trial to prevent childhood obesity. Satisfaction with communication was assessed using the validated Communication Assessment Tool (CAT) questionnaire.

Characterizing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Belly Syndrome in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Objective: Reproducibly define CPAP Belly Syndrome (CBS) in preterm infants and describe associated demographics, mechanical factors, and outcomes.

Study Design: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in infants <32 weeks gestation in the Stanford Children's NICU from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. CBS was radiographically defined by a pediatric radiologist.

Exploring the current state of clinical and practical teaching in obstetrics and gynecology in the era of competency-based education: a nationwide survey among German teaching coordinators.

Background: Obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) is an essential medical field that focuses on women's health. Universities aim to provide high-quality healthcare services to women through comprehensive education of medical students. In Germany, medical education is undergoing a phase of restructuring towards the implementation of competency-based learning.

Younger age at initiation of subcutaneous treprostinil is associated with better response in pediatric Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Children with severe Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have an unpredictable response to subcutaneous treprostinil (TRE) therapy, which may be influenced by age, disease severity, or other unknown variables at time of initiation. In this retrospective single-center cohort study, we hypothesized that younger age at TRE initiation, early hemodynamic response (a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance by ≥30% at follow-up catheterization), and less severe baseline hemodynamics (Rp:Rs < 1.1) would each be associated with better clinical outcomes.

Gender Dysphoria and Sexual Euphoria: A Bayesian Perspective on the Influence of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Sexual Arousal.

Self-reported sexual orientation of transgender individuals occasionally changes over transition. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested the hypothesis that neural and behavioral patterns of sexual arousal in transgender individuals would shift from the assigned to the experienced gender (e.g.

ChatGPT's performance in German OB/GYN exams - paving the way for AI-enhanced medical education and clinical practice.

Background: Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is an artificial learning and large language model tool developed by OpenAI in 2022. It utilizes deep learning algorithms to process natural language and generate responses, which renders it suitable for conversational interfaces. ChatGPT's potential to transform medical education and clinical practice is currently being explored, but its capabilities and limitations in this domain remain incompletely investigated.

"It changed everything we do": A mixed methods study of youth and parent experiences with a pilot exercise education intervention following new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Aims: This pilot study delivered a comprehensive exercise education intervention to youth with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their parents to increase knowledge and confidence with physical activity (PA) shortly after diagnosis.

Methods: Youth initiated continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and PA trackers within 1 month of diagnosis. Youth and their parents received the 4-session intervention over 12 months.

In focus: perplexing increase of urinary stone disease in children, adolescent and young adult women and its economic impact.

Background: Urinary stone disease (USD) historically has affected older men, but studies suggest recent increases in women, leading to a near identical sex incidence ratio. USD incidence has doubled every 10 years, with disproportionate increases amongst children, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) women. USD stone composition in women is frequently apatite (calcium phosphate), which forms in a higher urine pH, low urinary citrate, and an abundance of urinary uric acid, while men produce more calcium oxalate stones.

The Performance of Flash Replenishment Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for the Qualitative Assessment of Kidney Lesions in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

We investigated the accuracy of CEUS for characterizing cystic and solid kidney lesions in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cystic lesions are assessed using Bosniak criteria for computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, in patients with moderate to severe kidney disease, CT and MRI contrast agents may be contraindicated. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a safe alternative for characterizing these lesions, but data on its performance among CKD patients are limited.

Mechanochromism and Strain-Induced Crystallization in Thiol-yne-Derived Stereoelastomers.

Most elastomers undergo strain-induced crystallization (SIC) under tension; as individual chains are held rigidly in a fixed position by an applied strain, their alignment along the strain field results in a shift from strain-hardening (SH) to SIC. A similar degree of stretching is associated with the tension necessary to accelerate mechanically coupled, covalent chemical responses of mechanophores in overstretched chains, raising the possibility of an interplay between the macroscopic response of SIC and the molecular response of mechanophore activation. Here, thiol-yne-derived stereoelastomers doped covalently with a dipropiolate-derivatized spiropyran (SP) mechanophore (0.

Ingestion of Illicit Substances by Young Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Information about the trend in illicit substance ingestions among young children during the pandemic is limited.

Objectives: To assess immediate and sustained changes in overall illicit substance ingestion rates among children younger than 6 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine changes by substance type (amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, ethanol, and opioids) while controlling for differing statewide medicinal and recreational cannabis legalization policies.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective cross-sectional study using an interrupted time series at 46 tertiary care children's hospitals within the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS).

Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes of Patients From Sex and Gender Minority Groups.

Importance: Sexual orientation and gender identity data are not collected by most hospitals or cancer registries; thus, little is known about the quality of breast cancer treatment for patients from sex and gender minority (SGM) groups.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of breast cancer treatment and recurrence outcomes for patients from SGM groups compared with cisgender heterosexual patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Exposure-matched retrospective case-control study of 92 patients from SGM groups treated at an academic medical center from January 1, 2008, to January 1, 2022, matched to cisgender heterosexual patients with breast cancer by year of diagnosis, age, tumor stage, estrogen receptor status, and ERBB2 (HER2) status.

Efficacy of Cognitive Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Dysfunctional cognitive processes and maladaptive interpersonal patterns have been postulated to maintain body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The present trial evaluated CT for BDD (CT-BDD), which includes modules targeting maladaptive cognitive processing in BDD, as well as elements of schema therapy related to interpersonal problems. We investigated whether (a) CT-BDD is effective, as compared with a wait-list (WL) group at Week 12; (b) outcome of CT-BDD is maintained at posttreatment and 3- and 6-months follow-up; and (c) whether changes in shame and insight mediate changes in BDD symptom severity.

Fixation of humerus shaft fractures in polytrauma patients does not improve short-term outcomes.

Background: Surgical fixation of humeral shaft fractures is widely considered a relative indication for polytraumatized patients to improve mobility and expedite care. This study aimed to determine whether operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures improves short term outcomes in polytrauma (PT] patients.

Methods: Using the National Trauma Data Bank, PT patients with humeral shaft fractures were identified from 2010-2015.

The Association Between Routine Car Seat Screening and Subsequent Health Care Utilization.

Background And Objectives: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends preterm newborns undergo car seat tolerance screening (CSTS) before discharge despite limited evidence supporting the practice. We examined subsequent health care utilization in screened and unscreened late preterm and low birth weight newborns.

Methods: This observational study included late preterm (34-36 weeks) and term low birth weight (<2268 g) newborns born between 2014 and 2018 at 4 hospitals with policies recommending CSTS for these infants.