National survey of bladder endometriosis cases in Japan.

Aim: We aimed to describe the clinical presentation, operative or medical management, and postoperative recurrence of bladder endometriosis (BE).

Methods: We conducted a national survey to investigate BE cases from 2006 to 2016 in Japan. Histologically diagnosed cases were extracted and then investigated for the following factors: age at diagnosis, body mass index, symptoms, imaging modalities, surgical therapy, hormonal therapy, follow-up period, and postoperative recurrence.

Hemoglobin-induced continuous activation of macrophages in endometriotic cysts: a potential mechanism of endometriosis development and carcinogenesis.

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Endometriotic cysts contain hemoglobin (Hb) and infiltrated macrophages, indicating that the metabolism of Hb by macrophages may play an important role in the inflammation of endometriotic cysts. In this study, we investigated the distribution of immune cells and CD163 (Hb receptor)-positive cells in the endometriotic cyst wall using immunohistochemistry.

Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of extragenital endometriosis in Japan, 2018.

The aim of this publication is to disseminate the clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of intestinal, bladder/ureteral, thoracic and umbilical endometriosis, already published in Japanese, to non-Japanese speakers. For developing the original Japanese guidelines, the clinical practice guideline committee was formed by the research team for extragenital endometriosis, which is part of the research program of intractable disease of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. The clinical practice guideline committee formulated eight clinical questions for the treatment of extragenital endometriosis, which were intestinal, bladder/ureteral, thoracic and umbilical endometriosis.

Cancers associated with extraovarian endometriosis at less common/rare sites: A nationwide survey in Japan.

Aim: Endometriosis mostly affects the ovary but can also be present outside of the ovary including the pelvic peritoneum, intestine, urinary tract and lung. In case of ovarian endometriotic cyst, an increased risk of ovarian cancer, especially of clear cell and endometrioid histology, has been reported. However, because of the rarity, cancer occurrence from endometriosis at less common sites/rare sites is poorly understood.

Prolactin Enhances the Proliferation of Proliferative Endometrial Glandular Cells and Endometrial Cancer Cells.

To elucidate the mechanism of endometrial cancer (EC) development in young hyperprolactinemic women, this study assessed the hormonal receptor expression, proliferation, and signaling induced by prolactin in endometrial glands (EG) and EC. Prolactin receptor (PRLR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) in EG were evaluated during the menstrual cycle by immunohistochemistry. The following parameters were compared between EM-E6/E7/TERT cells, which originated from proliferative EG and Ishikawa cells.

A National Survey of Umbilical Endometriosis in Japan.

Study Objective: To identify the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, operative or medical management, and postoperative recurrence of umbilical endometriosis.

Design: A retrospective national survey.

Setting: Obstetrics and Gynecology and Plastic Surgery Departments at a teaching hospital in Japan.

Serum Prolactin Contributes to Enhancing Prolactin Receptor and pJAK2 in Type I Endometrial Cancer Cells in Young Women Without Insulin Resistance.

Elevated levels of serum prolactin and a high expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) in cancer cells was recently identified in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). However, the impact of prolactin on EC remains unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics of hyperprolactinemic patients with EC according to the pathogenetic types, type I and type II.

Radical resection of an endometrioid carcinoma arising from endometriosis in the round ligament within the right canal of Nuck: a case report and literature review.

•A patient had endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis in the canal of Nuck.•The tumor invaded muscles in the inguinal region.•She showed favorable prognosis by radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Administration of Cabergoline Contributes to Preserving Fertility in Young Hyperprolactinemic Patients With Endometrial Cancer Treated With Medroxyprogesterone Acetate.

Background: An association between high levels of serum prolactin and endometrial cancer (EC) has been reported. However, the effect of antiprolactin drugs on hyperprolactinemic patients with EC has not been determined. The aim of this study was to confirm the effect of cabergoline on young hyperprolactinemic patients treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for the preservation of fertility.

Polycystic ovary syndrome: early diagnosis and intervention are necessary for fertility preservation in young women with endometrial cancer under 35 years of age.

Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a significant risk factor for premenopausal endometrial cancer (EC) and/or atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH). The aim was to elucidate the clinical background and detailed menstrual history of EC and/or AEH in young women with PCOS.

Methods: From January 2001 to December 2013, women under 35 years of age who had been diagnosed with EC and/or AEH and who had been treated at Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan, were recruited.

Development of a mouse model for testing therapeutic agents: the anticancer effect of dienogest on endometrial neoplasms.

Objective: As the number of younger women with endometrial carcinoma has increased, fertility-sparing treatments have received more attention. Although there have been several reports on conservative treatments with progestins for endometrial carcinoma, only medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is available in Japan. Dienogest has been developed as a fourth-generation progestin for treating endometriosis.

CD44 variant 6 is correlated with peritoneal dissemination and poor prognosis in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor initiation and metastasis in several types of human cancer. However, the contribution of ovarian CSCs to peritoneal metastasis remains unresolved. The cell adhesion molecule CD44 has been identified as a major marker for CSCs in solid tumors, including epithelial ovarian cancer.

A Giant Ovarian Tumor Causing Anasarca and Dyspnea Successfully Managed after Preoperative Drainage.

Serious complications are likely to accompany the treatment of giant ovarian tumors, and resection with or without preoperative drainage has been previously reported. Here, we report the case of a 27-year-old Japanese woman with a significant weight gain of 50 kg, who was referred to the Kumamoto University Hospital because of gait impairment and dyspnea. Imaging tests revealed an ovarian tumor, 37 cm in diameter, with two solid components.

Transvaginal methotrexate injection for the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy: efficacy and subsequent fecundity.

Study Objective: To investigate the efficacy of local methotrexate (MTX) injections under transvaginal ultrasound guidance for treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) and to assess fecundity after treatment.

Design: Retrospective review (Canadian Task Force classification II-3).

Setting: University hospital.

Heterotopic triplet pregnancy: report of a patient with remnant tubal ectopic and intrauterine twin pregnancy after frozen-thawed embryo transfer.

A case of heterotopic triplet pregnancy after frozen-thawed embryo transfer is presented. The patient conceived after transfer of three frozen-thawed embryos at a fertility clinic where she had previously undergone laparoscopic left salpingectomy due to pyosalpinx. Approximately 4 weeks after the embryo transfer, she presented with a complaint of abnormal genital bleeding and was diagnosed by ultrasound as having a dichorionic twin pregnancy.

Hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis during pregnancy: prevention with diet therapy and omega-3 fatty acids in the following pregnancy.

Acute pancreatitis complicating pregnancy is rare and has previously been associated with high mortality rates. We report a case of repeated hypertriglyceridemia during pregnancy. During the patient's first pregnancy, acute pancreatitis was elicited in the third trimester by pregnancy-induced hypertriglyceridemia.

Clinical use of colony-stimulating factor-1 in ovulation induction for poor responders.

Objective: To evaluate the benefit of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) adjuvant therapy to poor responders during a controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycle.

Design: Prospective clinical study.

Setting: University hospital, general hospital, and private IVF clinic in Japan.

Heterotopic cervical pregnancy with preservation of the intrauterine gestation.

We present a case of heterotopic cervical pregnancy where intrauterine gestation was preserved successfully. A 40-year-old Japanese woman presented with heterotopic cervical pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with elongated spermatid. An ultrasound examination showed heterotopic cervical pregnancy.

Ovarian follicular development stimulated by leuprorelin acetate plus human menopausal gonadotropin in chimpanzees.

We attempted ovarian stimulation using gonadotropins in 14 chimpanzees. Subjects were given a single administration of leuprorelin acetate, followed by repeated administration of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for 16-21 days. During the dosing period, the ovarian follicle diameter and count were measured by transvaginal ultrasonography.