Macrophage-derived chemokine (CCL22) is a novel mediator of lung inflammation following hemorrhage and resuscitation.

Resuscitation of patients after hemorrhage often results in pulmonary inflammation and places them at risk for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our previous data indicate that macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) is elevated after resuscitation, but its direct role in this inflammatory response is unknown. Macrophage-derived chemokine signaling through the C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) is implicated in other pulmonary proinflammatory conditions, leading us to hypothesize that MDC may also play a role in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation following hemorrhage and resuscitation.

Resuscitation with washed aged packed red blood cell units decreases the proinflammatory response in mice after hemorrhage.

Background: Resuscitation with blood products instead of crystalloid in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock has been associated with improved outcomes in trauma patients requiring massive transfusions and transfusion of fresh products results in reduced morbidity and mortality compared with aged blood. Processes to eliminate harmful components of aged blood are under investigation. We hypothesized that washing blood would reduce levels of proinflammatory mediators in stored units, and resuscitation with washed units would attenuate the proinflammatory response in mice after hemorrhagic shock.

Interleukin-37 reduces liver inflammatory injury via effects on hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells.

Background And Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of interleukin-37 (IL-37) on liver cells and on liver inflammation induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

Methods: Mice were subjected to I/R. Some mice received recombinant IL-37 (IL-37) at the time of reperfusion.

Microparticles from stored red blood cells activate neutrophils and cause lung injury after hemorrhage and resuscitation.

Background: Transfusion of stored blood is associated with increased complications. Microparticles (MPs) are small vesicles released from RBCs that can induce cellular dysfunction, but the role of RBC-derived MPs in resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock is unknown. In the current study, we examined the effects of RBC-derived MPs on the host response to hemorrhage and resuscitation.

Damage control resuscitation decreases systemic inflammation after hemorrhage.

Background: Severe hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation initiates a dysfunctional systemic inflammatory response leading to end-organ injury. Clinical evidence supports the transfusion of high ratios of plasma and packed red blood cells (pRBCs) in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock. The effects of resuscitation with different ratios of fresh blood products on inflammation and organ injury have not yet been characterized.