The study presents findings from physico-chemical and elemental analyses of fresh faecal matter from a residential apartment in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Samples were taken every 8-10 days over 4 months to account for variability and establish baseline data. The study also examines the influence of dietary patterns and toilet cleaners on faecal sludge properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAround 4.2 billion people globally depend on on-site sanitation systems, with 43% relying on basic or unsafe facilities with key challenges of containment, emptying, transport, treatment and resource recovery from faecal sludge. This review paper critically examines faecal sludge characteristics and treatment technologies in terms of urine diversion capability, land requirements and capital as well as operational expenditure based on Indian and international practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe growing demand for sustainable sewage treatment requires technologies that overcome the limitations of energy-intensive and chemical-dependent systems. This study presents an innovative solution addressing both environmental and operational challenges with the design and development of an Up-flow Compact Constructed Wetland (UCCW) based Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). This system integrates preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment units into a single setup.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrban dynamics and anthropogenic interventions led to an increase in noise pollution levels, with relevant implications for worldwide healthcare. Structures created to lessen noise pollution from traffic, industry, or other sources are known as noise, sound, or acoustic barriers. The research paper presents a unique design and development of noise barrier with newly composite mix of acoustic panels and vegetative cover augmenting noise attenuation and aesthetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
July 2023
In the face of growing marine pollution, assessment of the sewage outfall discharges is essential as it affects the seawater quality. The study demonstrates sea surface salinity (SSS) variations caused by sewage discharges and links it with tidal characteristics to hypothesize the dynamics of sewage outfall plumes. SSS is estimated using a multilinear regression model based on Landsat-8 (L8) OLI reflectance and in situ SSS data of 2013-2014.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFecal sludge and septage (FSS) are more concentrated than domestic wastewater which makes it difficult to treat and requires immediate attention otherwise, it leads towards serious environmental problems. In this review, an attempt has been made to highlight and discuss the various aspects of fecal sludge and septage management (FSSM) like its generation, characterization, containment, transportation, treatment, reuse and disposal. A comparison of existing fecal sludge treatment plants and technologies has been reviewed considering land requirement, capital cost, operation and maintenance cost, advantages and disadvantages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecovery of nutrients from wastewater has a paramount importance for a sustainable and safe environment. In this study removal of ammonia and recovery of resources in the form of struvite from a complex pharmaceutical acidic wastewater having high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH-N > 40 g/L) and other co-existing contaminants (magnesium, phosphorous, phenol etc.) was explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
January 2022
The acoustical properties of a barrier are highly dependent on the physical properties of the material and the internal structure of the material. The acoustical material can curtail the quality of sound or enhance the dispersion, depending on the application being considered. The efficient acoustic performance of noise barriers possessing different shapes and materials including waste materials is reviewed for field implementation to achieve the low-cost sustainable noise barrier application in the Indian context.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
August 2021
Evaluation of water quality is a priority work nowadays. In order to monitor and map, the water quality for a wide range on different scales (spatial, temporal), the geospatial technique has the potential to minimize the field and laboratory work. The review has emphasized the advance of remote sensing for the effectiveness of spectral analysis, bio-optical estimation, empirical method, and application of machine learning for water quality assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCOVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, first identified in China and spread globally, resulting into pandemic. Transmission of virus takes place either directly through close contact with infected individual (symptomatic/asymptomatic) or indirectly by touching contaminated surfaces. Virus survives on the surfaces from few hours to days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
October 2020
Noise is considered as an underrated and underemphasized pollutant in contrast to other pollutants of the environment. Due to the non-acute response of health effects, people are not vigilant towards consequences regarding noise pollution. The expansion of the transportation industry is contributing towards the increment in the public and private vehicular volume which causes an increment in noise pollution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
January 2020
Noise pollution in urban areas is an emerging environmental threat which local agencies and state authorities must consider in planning and development. Excessive noise is becoming a significant problem adversely affecting the physiological and psychological health of the citizens. Present study was carried out to assess and quantitatively evaluate ambient noise levels in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) consisting of 9 cities namely Bhiwandi-Nizampur, Kalyan-Dombivli, Mira-Bhayandar, Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, Panvel, Thane, Ulhasnagar and Vasai-Virar.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
December 2019
Noise is one of the most significant sources of environmental pollution in metro cities. Traffic noise plays an important role to contribute to ambient noise pollution. Noise pollution monitoring was carried out using sound level meter mounted on the cycle with the help of mould fixed on it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndia's tourism industry has emerged as a leading industry with a potential to grow further in the next few decades. Dehradun, one of the famous tourist places in India located in the state of Uttarakhand, attracts tourist from all over the country and abroad. The surge in tourist number paved the way for new infrastructure projects like roads, buildings, and hotels, which in turn affects the topography of the mountainous region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
August 2017
India has witnessed a massive infrastructure boom in the past few years. One of such projects is National Highway-7 (NH-7), a North-South highway connecting Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, to Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, traversing many water bodies. The present study aims to assess the pre- and post-construction impact due to existing, new and widened NH-7 on the physical status of the water bodies, using remote sensing techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSambhar Lake in Rajasthan, India is the major inland salt water lake producing salt for centuries. The present study addresses the monitoring changes in and around the lake and its consequent effect on the lake water ecology. For this, satellite images of the years 1976, 1981, 1997, and 2013 are analyzed for land use land cover classes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe simulation study assesses the impact of sewage discharges on the present and predicted water quality of the Mumbai coast using MIKE 21. Water quality parameters in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and faecal coliform (FC) are checked against specified standards. The simulation is validated for the present coastal hydrodynamics and observed water quality parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToday, object-based image analysis provides an option for integrating spatial information beyond conventional pixel-based classifications for high-resolution imagery. Due to its rare applicability in pollution assessment, an attempt has been made to assess the spatial extent of sewage pollution in Malad Creek, Mumbai, India. Based on multiresolution segmentation of an IRS P6 (LISS IV) image and the Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI), the various water quality regions in the creek were classified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
June 2015
Water and soil are the most essential natural resources for socioeconomic development and sustenance of life. A study of soil and water dynamics at a watershed level facilitates a scientific approach towards their conservation and management. Remote sensing and Geographic Information System are tools that help to plan and manage natural resources on watershed basis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Health Sci Eng
February 2015
Background: In context of increasing traffic noise in urban India, the objective of the research study is to assess noise due to heterogeneous traffic conditions and the impact of honking on it.
Method: Traffic volume, noise levels, honking, road geometry and vehicular speed were measured on national highway, major and minor roads in Nagpur, India.
Results: Initial study showed lack of correlation between traffic volume and equivalent noise due to some factors, later identified as honking, road geometry and vehicular speed.
The objective of the present study was to monitor and assess the noise levels at traffic intersections in Napgur city under heterogenic traffic activities. For this, traffic volume and noise level were measured at intersections on highways, major roads andring road during morning and evening peak hours. Traffic volume was categorized in light, medium and heavy vehicles while noise levels were measured for Lmin, Lmax, Leq , L10 and L90.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Sci Eng
January 2013
Solid waste management is one of the major problems of today's world and needs to be addressed by proper utilization of technologies and design of effective, flexible and structured information system. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to design and develop a GIS based solid waste management information system as a decision making and planning tool for regularities and municipal authorities. The system integrates geo-spatial features of the city and database of existing solid waste management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe use of hauled container system for municipal solid waste collection and transportation often results in socio-economic and environmental impacts which are linearly related to trip time. In this study, trip times for the conventional and exchange container mode of solid waste collection by the hauled container system were evaluated. A trip time model was developed for this evaluation through field studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Sci Eng
April 2012
Groundwater quality is a major concern for assuring safe public health in terms of nitrate concentration. The objective of study was precise modeling of spatial variation of nitrate in groundwater using geostatistical analysis. To account for the uncertainty of the prediction, Kriging interpolation method was applied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Sci Technol
February 2012
The water quality of seafronts and beaches of Mumbai is under pressure and deteriorating due to discharge of partially treated sewage and wastewater through point and nonpoint sources. The objective of the study was to assess the water quality and to correlate physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters for establishing relationship, association and dependence on each other. The water quality parameters were selected as per SW II standards specified by Central Pollution Control Board, India and nutrient parameters as strong indicators of sewage pollution.
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