Extreme droughts in the Amazon Basin during cyclic ENSO events coupled with Indian Ocean Dipole modes and Tropical North Atlantic warming.

The teleconnections between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and Tropical North Atlantic warming (+TNA) play a critical role in characterizing extreme drought events in the Amazon Basin (AB). This study examines the seven most recent drought extreme events up to 2023, using seasonal composites of the sea surface temperature and atmospheric variables over a five-quarter period starting at the austral spring(-1) of the year preceding that when the lowest water level at Manaus port was recorded. Two distinct patterns emerge, driven by consecutive ENSO events with opposite phases, referred to as cyclic La Niña-El Niño and cyclic El Niño-La Niña drought events.

Impact of El Niño on the dynamics of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a municipality in the western Amazon.

Vector-borne diseases are some of the leading public health problems in the tropics, and their association with climatic anomalies is well known. The current study aimed to evaluate the trend of American cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the municipality of Manaus, Amazonas-Brazil, and its relationship with climatic extremes (ENSO). The study was carried out using a series of secondary data from notifications on the occurrence of several American cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the municipality of Manaus between 1990 and 2017 obtained through the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação.

Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for annual and seasonal rainfall in two hotspots of biodiversity in South America.

The Colombian Biogeographic Choco (CBC) and the La Plata Basin (LPB) are regions with high biodiversity. However, these areas are characterized by scarce climatological information, complex orography, and rain-gauge network unevenly distributed. Interpolated data from the ground station might overcome these aspects.

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Methods to Access the Metal Solubility of Aerosols in Artificial Lung Fluid.

Recent studies to quantify the health risks that fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic less than 2.5 µm (PM) pose use in vitro approaches. One of these approaches is to incubate PM in artificial lysosomal fluid for a given period at body temperature.

The influence that different urban development models has on PM elemental and bioaccessible profiles.

Limited studies have reported on in-vitro analysis of PM but as far as the authors are aware, bioaccessibility of PM in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) has not been linked to urban development models before. The Brazilian cities Manaus (Amazon) and Curitiba (South region) have different geographical locations, climates, and urban development strategies. Manaus drives its industrialization using the free trade zone policy and Curitiba adopted a services centered economy driven by sustainability.

Observations of particulate matter, NO, SO, O, HS and selected VOCs at a semi-urban environment in the Amazon region.

This research aims to assess air quality in a transitional location between city and forest in the Amazon region. Located downwind of the Manaus metropolitan region, this study is part of the large-scale experiment GoAmazon2014/5. Based on their pollutant potential, inhalable particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO), ozone (O), hydrogen sulfide (HS), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and meta-, orto-, para-xylene (BTEX) were selected for analysis.

Impact of the biomass burning on methane variability during dry years in the Amazon measured from an aircraft and the AIRS sensor.

The present study examines the spatiotemporal variability and interrelations of the atmospheric methane (CH), carbon monoxide (CO) and biomass burning (BB) outbreaks retrieved from satellite data over the Amazon region during the 2003-2012 period. In the climatological context, we found consistent seasonal cycles of BB outbreaks and CO in the Amazon, both variables showing a peak during the dry season. The dominant CO variability mode features the largest positive loadings in the southern Amazon, and describes the interannual CO variations related to BB outbreaks along the deforestation arc during the dry season.

American cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the metropolitan region of Manaus, Brazil: association with climate variables over time.

A temporal series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and other environmental parameters covering the years 2002- 2009 was used for the study of the potential association between the climate and the number of cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Manaus Metropolitan Region (MMR), State of Amazonas, Brazil. The results show that CL has a marked seasonality and a strong linkage with local climate conditions. Dry and warm conditions favor the vector, while the maximum number of CL cases occurs during the following wet season.