PR prolongation with alternating wide and narrow QRS complexes: What is the mechanism?

The alternating wide and narrow QRS complexes following prolonged PR interval is a challenging issue. The scalar diagrams with the graphic representation of the electrical events and the careful analysis of their temporal relationship can help to better understand the surface electrocardiogram.

Effect of SGLT2-Inhibitors on Polygraphic Parameters in Elderly Patients Affected by Heart Failure, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive sleep apneas (OSAs) and central sleep apneas (CSAs) are the most common comorbidities in Heart Failure (HF) that are strongly associated with all-cause mortality. Several therapeutic approaches have been used to treat CSA and OSA, but none have been shown to significantly improve HF prognosis. Our study evaluated the effects of a 3-months treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on polygraphic parameters in patients with sleep apnea (SA) and HF, across the spectrum of ejection fraction, not treated with continuous positive air pressure (CPAP).

Exercise Training in Patients with Heart Failure: From Pathophysiology to Exercise Prescription.

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, progressive, and inexorable syndrome affecting worldwide billion of patients (equally distributed among men and women), with prevalence estimate of 1-3% in developed countries. HF leads to enormous direct and indirect costs, and because of ageing population, the total number of HF patients keep rising, approximately 10% in patients 65 years old. Exercise training (ET) is widely recognized as an evidence-based adjunct treatment modality for patients with HF, and growing evidence is emerging among elderly patients with HF.