The association of bearing surface materials with the risk of revision following primary total hip replacement: A cohort analysis of 1,026,481 hip replacements from the National Joint Registry.

Background: The risk of re-operation, otherwise known as revision, following primary hip replacement depends in part on the prosthesis implant materials used. Current performance evidences are based on a broad categorisation grouping together different materials with potentially varying revision risks. We investigated the revision rate of primary total hip replacement (THR) reported in the National Joint Registry by specific types of bearing surfaces used.

3D reconstruction of vocal fold dynamics with laser high-speed videoendoscopy in children.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate three-dimensional vertical motion of the superior surface of the vocal folds in vivo in (a) typically developing children as a function of vocal frequency variations and (b) a child with vocal nodules.

Methods: A custom developed laser endoscope coupled with high-speed videoendoscopy was used to obtain 3D parameters from 2 healthy children, one child with vocal nodules, and 23 vocally healthy adults (females = 11, males = 12). Parameters of amplitude (mm), maximum opening/closing velocity (mm/s), and mean opening/closing velocity (mm/s) were computed for the lateral and vertical vibratory motion along the anterior, middle, and posterior sections of the vocal folds were computed.

Following hip fracture, hospital organizational factors associated with prescription of anti-osteoporosis medication on discharge, to address imminent refracture risk: a record-linkage study.

Patients who sustain a hip fracture are known to be at imminent refracture risk. Their complex multidisciplinary rehabilitation needs to include falls prevention and anti-osteoporosis medication (AOM) to prevent such fractures. This study aimed to determine which hospital-level organizational factors predict prescription of post-hip fracture AOM and refracture risk.

Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of the Ventral Intermediate Nucleus of the Thalamus Improves Objective Acoustic Measures of Essential Vocal Tremor.

Background And Objectives: Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM-DBS) is an established treatment for medically refractory essential tremor. However, the effect of VIM-DBS on vocal tremor remains poorly understood, with results varying by method of vocal tremor assessment and stimulation laterality. This single-center study measures the effect of bilateral VIM-DBS on essential vocal tremor using blinded objective acoustic voice analysis.

Analyzing Vocal Fold Frequency Dynamics Using High-Speed 3D Laser Video Endoscopy.

Objective: To examine changes in lateral and vertical vibratory motion along the anterior, middle, and posterior sections of the vocal folds, as a function of vocal frequency variations.

Methods: Absolute measurements of vocal fold surface dynamics from high-speed videoendoscopy with custom laser endoscope were made on 23 vocally healthy adults during sustained /i:/ production at 10%, 20%, and 80% of pitch range. The 3D parameters of amplitude (mm), maximum velocity opening/closing (mm/s), and mean velocity opening/closing (mm/s) were computed for the lateral and vertical vibratory motion along the anterior, middle, and posterior sections of the vocal folds.

Laryngeal, Respiratory, and Acoustic Characteristics of Vocal Trillo With Simultaneous High-Speed Videoendoscopy, Inductive Plethysmography, and Acoustic Recordings.

Objective: This study aimeed to examine the characteristics of formed and unformed trillo, an essential ornament found in 17th-century Italian vocal music, using simultaneous multimodality voice measurements.

Participant And Methods: A 28-year-old female with 12 years of classical voice training and 7 years of advanced training in historical performance produced formed trillo, unformed trillo, oscillating trill, vibrato, and straight tone on the vowel /i/. Simultaneous high-speed videoendoscopy, inductive plethysmography, and acoustic recordings were conducted to examine the laryngeal motion, respiratory kinematics, and output sound characteristics.

Computational fluid dynamics of upper airway aerodynamics for exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction: A feasibility study.

Objective: Use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to measure the changes in upper airway geometry and aerodynamics during (a) an episode of Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction (EILO) and (b) speech therapy exercises commonly employed for patients with EILO.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging stills of the upper airway including the nasal and oral cavities from an adult female were used to re-construct three-dimensional geometries of the upper airway. The CFD simulations were used to compute the maximum volume flow rate (l/s), pressure (Pa), airflow velocity (m/s) and area of cross-section opening in eight planes along the vocal tract, separately for inhalation and exhalation.

Change in BMI in Children Over the First 30 Months After the Start of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.

Our study aim was to assess body mass index (BMI) change in children in the immediate 6 months of the pandemic, to follow longitudinal BMI change up to 30 months after the pandemic start, and to identify sociodemographic factors associated with these changes. Our study included a retrospective chart review of 1298 children 2 to 18 years old with office visits at an Indianapolis primary care clinic. Body mass index and sociodemographic information were collected at visits during 3 time periods: Prepandemic (March 1, 2019-February 28, 2020), Early Pandemic (June 1, 2020-November 30, 2020), and Late Pandemic (December 1, 2020-September 30, 2022).

Re-Training of Convolutional Neural Networks for Glottis Segmentation in Endoscopic High-Speed Videos.

Endoscopic high-speed video (HSV) systems for visualization and assessment of vocal fold dynamics in the larynx are diverse and technically advancing. To consider resulting "concepts shifts" for neural network (NN)-based image processing, re-training of already trained and used NNs is necessary to allow for sufficiently accurate image processing for new recording modalities. We propose and discuss several re-training approaches for convolutional neural networks (CNN) being used for HSV image segmentation.

Patients' recovery of mobility and return to original residence after hip fracture are associated with multiple modifiable components of hospital service organisation: the REDUCE record-linkage cohort study in England and Wales.

Background: Hip fractures are devastating injuries causing disability, dependence, and institutionalisation, yet hospital care is highly variable. This study aimed to determine hospital organisational factors associated with recovery of mobility and change in patient residence after hip fracture.

Methods: A cohort of patients aged 60 + years in England and Wales, who sustained a hip fracture from 2016 to 2019 was examined.

Organisational factors associated with hospital costs and patient mortality in the 365 days following hip fracture in England and Wales (REDUCE): a record-linkage cohort study.

Background: Hip fracture care delivery varies between hospitals, which might explain variations in patient outcomes and health costs. The aim of this study was to identify hospital-level organisational factors associated with long-term patient outcomes and costs after hip fracture.

Methods: REDUCE was a record-linkage cohort study in which national databases for all patients aged 60 years and older who sustained a hip fracture in England and Wales were linked with hospital metrics from 18 organisational data sources.

High-Speed Videoendoscopic and Acoustic Characteristics of Inspiratory Phonation.

Purpose: Given the importance of inspiratory phonation for assessment of vocal fold structure, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate and describe the vocal fold vibratory characteristics of inspiratory phonation using high-speed videoendoscopy in healthy volunteers. The study also examined the empirical relationship between cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and glottal area waveform measurements derived from simultaneous high-speed videoendoscopy and audio recordings.

Method: Vocally healthy adults (33 women, 28 men) volunteered for this investigation and completed high-speed videoendoscopic assessment of vocal fold function for two trials of an expiratory/inspiratory phonation task at normal pitch and normal loudness.

Identification of Breathing Pattern Disorder in Athletes With Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction: A Novel Assessment Tool.

Objective: To report the diagnostic utility of the novel, high-ventilatory task assessment tool called the Milstein Breathing Pattern Assessment Index (M-BPAI) for evaluation of Breathing Pattern Disorder (BPD) in athletes with and without breathing difficulty, and to evaluate the prevalence of BPD in athletes referred for Exercise Induced Laryngeal Obstruction (EILO). BPD is an abnormal respiratory biomechanical pattern caused from functional or structural factors. The presence of BPD in athletes with EILO is unknown.

Variation in laboratory testing for patients with long-term conditions: a longitudinal cohort study in UK primary care.

Background: Use of laboratory testing has increased in the UK over the past few decades, with considerable geographical variation.

Aim: To evaluate what laboratory tests are used to monitor people with hypertension, type 2 (T2) diabetes, or chronic kidney disease (CKD) and assess variation in test use in UK primary care.

Design & Setting: Longitudinal cohort study of people registered with UK general practices between June 2013 and May 2018 and previously diagnosed with hypertension, T2 diabetes, or CKD.

Treatment Outcomes of Type 1 Thyroplasty Using Gore-Tex® Following Injection Laryngoplasty.

Objective: To compare voice-related outcomes of type 1 thyroplasty using Gore-Tex® between patients with and without augmentation injection laryngoplasty (IL) prior to surgery.

Methods: Forty-five patients who underwent Gore-Tex® thyroplasty at a single institution by a single surgeon between November 2016 and February 2019 were identified as those who previously had IL (n = 20) and those without IL (n = 25). Pre- and post-operative voice-related primary outcomes were evaluated using the GRBAS, and CAPE-V auditory-perceptual rating scales and secondary outcome were evaluated using the VRQOL.

Multiple hospital organisational factors are associated with adverse patient outcomes post-hip fracture in England and Wales: the REDUCE record-linkage cohort study.

Objectives: Despite established standards and guidelines, substantial variation remains in the delivery of hip fracture care across the United Kingdom. We aimed to determine which hospital-level organisational factors predict adverse patient outcomes in the months following hip fracture.

Methods: We examined a national record-linkage cohort of 178,757 patients aged ≥60 years who sustained a hip fracture in England and Wales in 2016-19.

Longitudinal assessment of physician wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Physician wellness was greatly impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Busy clinical services, personal safety concerns, changing guidelines, and compassion fatigue weighed on physicians. Although studies have examined physician wellness, few have studied how it changed over time.

Globus Pallidus Interna and Ventral Intermediate Nucleus of the Thalamus Deep Brain Stimulation for Adductor Laryngeal Dystonia: a Case Report of Blinded Analyses of Objective Voice Outcomes in 2 Patients.

Background: Adductor laryngeal dystonia (ADLD) is a substantially debilitating focal progressive neurological voice disorder. Current standard of care is symptomatic treatment with repeated injections of botulinum toxin into specific intrinsic laryngeal muscles with extremely variable and temporary benefits. We report the use of bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of globus pallidus (GPi) for long-term improvement of ADLD voice symptoms.

Risk factors associated with poor pain outcomes following primary knee replacement surgery: Analysis of data from the clinical practice research datalink, hospital episode statistics and patient reported outcomes as part of the STAR research programme.

Objective: Identify risk factors for poor pain outcomes six months after primary knee replacement surgery.

Methods: Observational cohort study on patients receiving primary knee replacement from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Hospital Episode Statistics and Patient Reported Outcomes. A wide range of variables routinely collected in primary and secondary care were identified as potential predictors of worsening or only minor improvement in pain, based on the Oxford Knee Score pain subscale.

A Rat Model of Prenatal Zika Virus Infection and Associated Long-Term Outcomes.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that became widely recognized due to the epidemic in Brazil in 2015. Since then, there has been nearly a 20-fold increase in the incidence of microcephaly and birth defects seen among women giving birth in Brazil, leading the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to officially declare a causal link between prenatal ZIKV infection and the serious brain abnormalities seen in affected infants. Here, we used a unique rat model of prenatal ZIKV infection to study three possible long-term outcomes of congenital ZIKV infection: (1) behavior, (2) cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the brain, and (3) immune responses later in life.

Analysis of Maternal Prenatal Weight and Offspring Cognition and Behavior: Results From the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Cohort.

Importance: Prenatal experiences can influence fetal brain development.

Objective: To examine associations of maternal prenatal body mass index (BMI) with cognition and behavior of offspring born full-term.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study examined follow-up data from a breastfeeding promotion intervention at 31 hospitals and affiliated polyclinics in the Republic of Belarus.

Quantitative and Qualitative Electroglottographic Wave Shape Differences in Children and Adults Using Voice Map-Based Analysis.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the extent to which various measurements of contacting parameters differ between children and adults during habitual range and overlap vocal frequency/intensity, using voice map-based assessment of noninvasive electroglottography (EGG). Method EGG voice maps were analyzed from 26 adults (22-45 years) and 22 children (4-8 years) during connected speech and vowel /a/ over the habitual range and the overlap vocal frequency/intensity from the voice range profile task on the vowel /a/. Mean and standard deviations of contact quotient by integration, normalized contacting speed, quotient of speed by integration, and cycle-rate sample entropy were obtained.

Semi-occluded vocal tract exercises in healthy young adults: Articulatory, acoustic, and aerodynamic measurements during phonation at threshold.

Semi-occluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTEs) are increasingly popular as therapeutic exercises for patients with voice disorders. This popularity is reflected in the growing research literature, investigating the scientific principles underlying SOVTEs and their practical efficacy. This study examines several acoustic, articulatory, and aerodynamic variables before, during, and after short-duration (15 s) SOVTEs with a narrow tube in air.