Insights into thyroid and salivary gland cytopathology: highlights from a 45th ECC slide seminar.

Introduction: Thyroid and salivary gland cytopathology frequently present diagnostic challenges due to complex presentations, overlapping features between benign and malignant conditions, particularly with grey-zone entities and rare pathologies. To address these issues, the 45th European Congress of Cytology (ECC) held a slide seminar focused on challenging cases. This article reviews key findings from the six cases discussed, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach.

Welcoming the new, revisiting the old: a brief glance at cytopathology reporting systems for lung, pancreas, and thyroid.

This review addresses new reporting systems for lung and pancreatobiliary cytopathology as well as the most recent edition of The Bethesda Reporting System for Thyroid Cytopathology. The review spans past, present, and future aspects within the context of the intricate interplay between traditional morphological assessments and cutting-edge molecular diagnostics. For lung and pancreas, the authors discuss the evolution of reporting systems, emphasizing the bridge between past directives and more recent collaborative efforts of the International Academy of Cytology and the World Health Organization in shaping universal reporting systems.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension: Navigating the pathways of progress in diagnosis, treatment, and patient care.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a form of precapillary pulmonary hypertension caused by a complex process of endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. If left untreated, this progressive disease presents with symptoms of incapacitating fatigue causing marked loss of quality of life, eventually culminating in right ventricular failure and death. Patient management is complex and based on accurate diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment initiation, with close monitoring of response and disease progression.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A comprehensive review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is part of group 4 of the pulmonary hypertension (PH) classification and generally affects more than a third of patients referred to PH centers. It is a three-compartment disease involving proximal (lobar-to-segmental) and distal (subsegmental) pulmonary arteries that are obstructed by persistent fibrothrombotic material, and precapillary pulmonary arteries that can be affected as in pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is a rare complication of pulmonary embolism (PE), with an incidence of around 3% in PE survivors.

Alzheimer's disease: using gene/protein network machine learning for molecule discovery in olive oil.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a profound human, social, and economic burden. Previous studies suggest that extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) may be helpful in preventing cognitive decline. Here, we present a network machine learning method for identifying bioactive phytochemicals in EVOO with the highest potential to impact the protein network linked to the development and progression of the AD.

Hepatic Progenitor Cells in the Form of Ductular Structures within a GIST Liver Metastasis: Supporting a Putative Role in the Hepatic Metastatic Niche.

Introduction: Recent studies have highlighted the presence of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in metastatic liver carcinomas. We provide further evidence of this phenomenon, presenting a case of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) liver metastasis with evidence of intra- and peritumoral HPC.

Case Description: A 64-year-old man presented with a gastric mass diagnosed as a high-risk KIT-mutated GIST.

Immunotherapy in Metastatic Mucosal Melanoma with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Case of Success.

Mucosal melanoma accounts for 1% of all melanomas. It is more aggressive than cutaneous melanoma, and local excision provides the best disease-free survival. The vast majority of patients eventually develop metastases, with a metastatic pattern independent of the primary tumor site.

Adiponectin, Leptin, and IGF-1 Are Useful Diagnostic and Stratification Biomarkers of NAFLD.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease where liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Here we aimed to evaluate the role of circulating adiponectin, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels as non-invasive NAFLD biomarkers and assess their correlation with the metabolome. Leptin, adiponectin, and IGF-1 serum levels were measured by ELISA in two independent cohorts of biopsy-proven obese NAFLD patients and healthy-liver controls (discovery: 38 NAFLD, 13 controls; validation: 194 NAFLD, 31 controls) and correlated with clinical data, histology, genetic parameters, and serum metabolomics.

A fetus with an immature umbilical cord teratoma associated with exomphalos: case report and review of the literature.

Objective: To describe the antenatal and pathological features of an immature umbilical cord teratoma associated with exomphalos, and to review the literature on this subject.

Case Presentation: An abdominal wall defect, suspected to be an exomphalos, was identified during routine ultrasound examination performed at 13 weeks of gestation. The pregnancy was terminated.