The Incidence and Predisposing Factors of John Cunningham Virus-Induced Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Southern Finland: A Population-Based Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, incidence rate (IR), predisposing factors, survival rate, and diagnostic delay of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) across medical specialties. Another objective was to survey how PML diagnosis was made in the studied cases.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective observational study of PML cases across different medical specialties during 2004-2016 in the Finnish Capital Region and Southern Finland.

[Hypersensitivity reactions caused by intravenously administered anticancer drugs].

Intravenously administered cytotoxic drugs and biological antibodies may cause infusion reactions, the majority of which are mild. Severe, even fatal reactions occur as well. Adrenaline is invariably the most important treatment of a severe reaction.

Chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of inoperable high-grade osteosarcoma.

Radical surgery is not feasible for all osteosarcoma patients. Overall survival for non-extremity osteosarcoma, as well as for patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis remains poor. For such patients, radical radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy may present an effective treatment approach.

[Allogenic stem cell transplantations in lymphoma patients].

The disease recurs in a significant proportion of lymphoma patients after the first-line treatment. Intensive treatment supported by the patient's own cells (autologic stem cell transplantation) has long been utilized in selected cases, but restrictions of this form of therapy are well known. Allogenic transplantation with another person's stem cells provides a possibility to treat lymphoma having a poor prognosis even in cases where other methods of treatments have failed.

Palliative radiotherapy in the treatment of skeletal metastases.

Two-third of patients with metastatic cancer suffer from pain. Pain originating from skeletal metastases is the most common form of cancer pain. Bone pain, often exacerbated by pressure or movement, limits the patient's autonomy and social life.