Tranexamic acid stops hyperfibrinolysis in dogs with hemorrhagic shock: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To determine the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on clot hyperfibrinolysis (HF), defined as excessive clot lysis at 30 minutes (LY30%), with rapid thromboelastography (rTEG) or rTEG samples spiked with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA-stressed rTEG), in dogs with hemorrhagic shock.

Methods: Prospective blinded clinical trial at 2 teaching hospitals, March 16, 2018, to May 20, 2022. Twenty-five dogs with hemorrhagic shock and HF were treated with standard care plus either TXA (20 mg/kg; TXA group) or saline (SAL group) over 20 minutes followed by an infusion of the same dose over 8 hours.

Bilateral lysis of aortic saddle thrombus with early tissue plasminogen activator (BLASTT): a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study in feline acute aortic thromboembolism.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) on the treatment of feline aortic thromboembolism (FATE).

Methods: Cats diagnosed with FATE involving ⩾2 limbs were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study within 6 h of an event. Diagnosis was made by clinical findings and one confirmatory criterion.

Evaluation of point-of-care coagulation tests as alternatives to anti-Xa activity for monitoring the anticoagulant effects of rivaroxaban in healthy dogs.

Objective: To evaluate a panel of coagulation assays for their potential utility in rivaroxaban monitoring as alternatives to the rivaroxaban-specific anti-Xa activity (RIVA).

Design: Prospective experimental study.

Setting: University research laboratory.

The influence of feeding and gastroprotectant medications on the Factor Xa inhibitory activity of orally administered rivaroxaban in normal dogs.

Objective: Rivaroxaban is a new anticoagulant option for dogs, yet its reported oral bioavailability is as low as 60%. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of feeding and gastroprotectant medications on the bioactivity (anti-Xa activity) of rivaroxaban in healthy dogs.

Design: Prospective experimental study.

The influence of packed cell volume versus plasma proteins on thromboelastographic variables in canine blood.

Objective: Determine the correlation between kaolin-activated thromboelastography (TEG) variables (R, K, angle, and maximum amplitude [MA]) and PCV, fibrinogen concentration (FC), and total fibrinogen (TF) in an ex vivo model.

Animals: Two healthy adult mixed-breed dogs.

Procedures: Citrated whole blood was obtained and separated into packed red cells, platelet rich plasma, and platelet poor plasma (PPP).

BASELINE PLASMA THROMBOELASTOGRAPHY IN KEMP'S RIDLEY (), GREEN () AND LOGGERHEAD () SEA TURTLES AND ITS USE TO DIAGNOSE COAGULOPATHIES IN COLD-STUNNED KEMP'S RIDLEY AND GREEN SEA TURTLES.

Cold-stunning in sea turtles is a frequent natural cause of mortality and is defined as a hypothermic state due to exposure to water temperatures <12°C. Derangements of biochemistry and hematology data by cold stunning have been well documented, although the effects on coagulation have not yet been investigated. The objectives of this study were to characterize the hemostatic state of non-cold-stunned sea turtles and to compare cold-stunned sea turtles at admission and after successful rehabilitation via a sea turtle-specific thromboelastography (TEG) protocol.

A pilot study documenting increased thrombin generation following abrupt withdrawal of heparin therapy in healthy dogs.

Objective: To document if a transient hypercoagulable state occurs in healthy dogs following abrupt cessation of unfractionated heparin (UFH) therapy.

Design: Prospective experimental pilot study.

Setting: University research facility.

Establishing a protocol for thromboelastography in sea turtles.

Thromboelastography (TEG) provides a global evaluation of haemostasis. This diagnostic test is widely used in mammals but has not previously been performed in reptiles, mainly due to the limited availability of taxon-specific reagents. The objective of this pilot study was to establish a protocol to perform TEG in sea turtles.

Evaluation of the Lactate Plus monitor for plasma lactate concentration measurement in dogs.

Objective: To compare the Lactate Plus handheld monitor to a reference blood gas analyzer for determining plasma lactate concentrations in canine whole blood.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Thromboelastographic monitoring of the effect of unfractionated heparin in healthy dogs.

Objective: To characterize the correlation between thromboelastography (TEG) variables using strong activators and anti-Xa (AXa) activity in healthy dogs administered subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (UFH).

Design: Prospective experimental study.

Setting: University research facility.

Best practice recommendations for prehospital veterinary care of dogs and cats.

Objective: To examine available evidence on prehospital care in human and veterinary trauma and emergency medicine and develop best practice guidelines for use by both paramedical and nonparamedical personnel in the approach to the prehospital care of dogs and cats.

Design: Systematic evaluation of the literature gathered via medical databases searches of Medline, CAB abstracts, and Google Scholar.

Synthesis: From a review and systematic evaluation of the available evidence, consensus guidelines on the approach to prehospital care of dogs and cats in 18 scenarios were developed.

Presumptive intraperitoneal envenomation resulting in hemoperitoneum and acute abdominal pain in a dog.

Objective: To describe the clinical features, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome of a dog with acute abdominal pain and hemoperitoneum secondary to a presumptive intraperitoneal (IP) snakebite.

Case Summary: A 10-month-old castrated male mixed-breed dog was evaluated for suspected snake envenomation. The dog presented recumbent and tachycardic with signs of severe abdominal pain.

Coagulation abnormalities in 5 cats with naturally occurring cytauxzoonosis.

Objective: To characterize hemostasis and determine if disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is present in cats with cytauxzoonosis.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) envenomation of dogs: 52 cases (2004-2011).

Copperhead envenomation is common within the US, and no studies exist describing the clinical course of copperhead envenomation in dogs. Almost all treatment decisions regarding those bites are extrapolated from retrospective studies evaluating the clinical course of rattlesnake bites. Because copperheads and rattlesnakes produce venom with different potency, assumptions that treatment of the different envenomations should be similar may be incorrect.

Evaluation of thromboelastography for prediction of clinical bleeding in thrombocytopenic dogs after total body irradiation and hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Objective: To determine whether thromboelastography is more accurate than conventional methods of evaluating hemostasis for the prediction of clinical bleeding in thrombocytopenic dogs following total body irradiation (TBI) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT).

Animals: 10 client-owned thrombocytopenic dogs with multicentric lymphoma.

Procedures: Results of a kaolin-activated thromboelastography assay, platelet count, and buccal mucosal bleeding time were evaluated for correlation to clinical bleeding.

Systematic evaluation of evidence on veterinary viscoelastic testing part 4: Definitions and data reporting.

Objective: To systematically examine evidence surrounding definitions and reporting of data for viscoelastic testing in veterinary medicine.

Design: Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence and quality, and development of consensus on conclusions for application of the concepts to clinical practice.

Setting: Academic and referral veterinary medical centers.

Partnership on Rotational ViscoElastic Test Standardization (PROVETS): evidence-based guidelines on rotational viscoelastic assays in veterinary medicine.

Objective: To systematically examine the evidence relating to the performance of rotational viscoelastic testing in companion animals, to develop assay guidelines, and to identify knowledge gaps.

Design: Multiple questions were considered within 5 parent domains, specifically system comparability, sample handling, assay activation and test protocol, definitions and data reporting, and nonstandard assays. Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature was performed.

Prospective multicenter evaluation of coagulation abnormalities in dogs following severe acute trauma.

Objectives: To describe coagulation abnormalities in dogs following severe acute trauma and to evaluate the relationship between coagulation, clinical, and laboratory variables, and disease and injury severity, as well as the ability of coagulation variables to predict the presence of body cavity hemorrhage (BCH), necessity of blood product administration, and outcome.

Design: Prospective, multicenter, observational study.

Setting: Two university teaching hospitals.

Comparison of venous sampling methods for thromboelastography in clinically normal dogs.

Objective: To evaluate effects of blood collection method and site on results of thromboelastography in healthy dogs.

Animals: 8 clinically normal purpose-bred dogs.

Procedures: Blood was collected from the external jugular vein by syringe aspiration via direct venipuncture with a 20-gauge needle, through a central venous catheter, or into an evacuated tube with a 21-gauge winged needle catheter.

Effect of intravenous administration of dextrose on coagulation in healthy dogs.

Objective: To investigate effects of IV administration of dextrose on coagulation in healthy dogs.

Animals: 7 dogs.

Procedures: Thromboelastography and coagulation panel analysis were used to assess coagulation.

Canine influenza.

Canine influenza virus (CIV) is a newly identified, highly contagious respiratory pathogen of dogs. The clinical disease has high morbidity and low mortality. Diagnosis of canine influenza is based on acute and convalescent serum samples, history, and clinical signs.

Effect of antivenin dose on outcome from crotalid envenomation: 218 dogs (1988-2006).

Objective: To determine whether the dose of antivenin administered is associated with a difference in survival of crotalid-envenomated dogs. A secondary objective was to determine whether other covariables affect survival.

Design: Retrospective study (1988-2006).

Thrombi in the trachea of a dog secondary to placement of a tracheotomy tube.

Case Description: A 7-year-old Spaniel-crossbreed dog was evaluated for stertorous breathing and inspiratory stridor.

Clinical Findings: A temporary tracheotomy tube was placed prior to referral. Results of physical examination at our facility, including thoracic auscultation, were unremarkable.

Generalized osteosclerosis in a cat.

A 12-year-old, neutered male, domestic long-hair cat was evaluated for a 6-month history of inspiratory stertor and epiphora. In computed tomography of the skull and pelvis, and radiographs of the thorax, right femur and stifle there was generalized osteosclerosis, with obliteration of the nasal turbinates and nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The cat also had a large fibrosarcoma involving the right pelvic limb.