The effect of TNF-α on osteoblasts in metal wear-induced periprosthetic bone loss.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on osteoblasts in metal wear-induced bone loss.

Methods: TNF-α immunoexpression was examined in periprosthetic tissues of patients with failed metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties and also in myeloid MM6 cells after treatment with cobalt ions. Viability and function of human osteoblast-like SaOs-2 cells treated with recombinant TNF-α were studied by immunofluorescence, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and oxidative stress in arthroplasty.

The interplay between implant design, biomaterial characteristics, and the local microenvironment adjacent to the implant is of utmost importance for implant performance and success of the joint replacement surgery. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are among the various factors affecting the host as well as the implant components. Excessive formation of ROS and RNS can lead to oxidative stress, a condition that is known to damage cells and tissues and also to affect signaling pathways.

Bone biology in postnatal Wistar rats following hypoxia-reoxygenation.

Hypoxia response pathways have a central role in normal and abnormal bone biology but the effect of systemic hypoxia-reoxygenation on bone is not clear. Following hypoxic exposure, aberrant synthesis, folding and trafficking of proteins has been reported to occur, which can result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and may finally cause cell death. This study aimed to examine the effect of systemic hypoxia-reoxygenation injury on bone biology in postnatal rats.

Screw Track Osteolysis in the Cementless Total Knee Replacement Design.

Background: There is a paucity of reports on osteolysis associated with tibial screw fixation in cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and the pathophysiology is not clear. This study aimed to describe the pathology related to screw track osteolysis around the tibia in cementless TKA.

Methods: The study cohort comprised 100 revised cementless TKAs with tibial screw fixation.

What Is the Role of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sonication in Periprosthetic Joint Infections?

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most dreaded complications in joint replacement surgery. Diagnosis and treatment can be difficult and biofilms are of major concern due to their low susceptibility toward antibiotics.

Methods: This review focuses on the use of sonication as an evolving diagnostic and adjunct treatment modality in the context of PJI.

Ballooning osteolysis in 71 failed total ankle arthroplasties.

Background and purpose - Aseptic loosening is a major cause of failure in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). In contrast to other total joint replacements, large periarticular cysts (ballooning osteolysis) have frequently been observed in this context. We investigated periprosthetic tissue responses in failed TAA, and performed an element analysis of retrieved tissues in failed TAA.

Low-frequency sonication may alter surface topography of endoprosthetic components and damage articular cartilage without eradicating biofilms completely.

Two-stage exchange arthroplasty is the current standard of care for arthroplasty-related infections. Reinfection rates up to 30% are reported, and there is significant morbidity for the patient. In cases of failure, arthrodesis or amputation may result.