Mitogenome of Coprophanaeus ensifer and phylogenetic analysis of the Scarabaeidae family (Coleoptera).

Several studies about the phylogenetic relationships of the Scarabaeinae subfamily (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) have been performed, but some phylogenetic uncertainties persist including the relationship and monophyly of different tribes and some genera. The aim of this study was to characterize the mitogenome of Coprophanaeus ensifer in order to establish its position within the Scarabaeidae family and to contribute to the resolution of some phylogenetic uncertainties. The mitogenome was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 4000, assembled using the Mitobim software and annotated in MITOS WebServer.

Impact of Limited Dispersion Capacity and Natural Barriers on the Population Structure of the Grasshopper Ommexecha virens (Orthoptera: Ommexechidae).

The grasshopper Ommexecha virens Serville has low dispersion capacity, and it is regarded as a specialist, only being found in sandy, dry environments with high incidence of sunlight. Considering these aspects, we evaluated the diversity and genetic structure of O. virens natural populations using ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers.

Comprehensive mapping of transposable elements reveals distinct patterns of element accumulation on chromosomes of wild beetles.

Over the past decades, transposable elements (TEs) have been shown to play important roles shaping genome architecture and as major promoters of genetic diversification and evolution of species. Likewise, TE accumulation is tightly linked to heterochromatinization and centromeric dynamics, which can ultimately contribute to speciation. Despite growing efforts to characterize the repeat landscape of species, few studies have focused on mapping the accumulation profiles of TEs on chromosomes.

Brazilian Atlantic rainforest endangered biodiversity: a new species of the Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae).

Dichotomius valoisae new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Dichotomiini) from Santa Luzia do Itanhi, Sergipe, Brazil, is described based on external differences from its congeners. Diagnostic characters and a brief discussion about its conservation status are provided, as well as an updated identification key to the Dichotomius sericeus (Harold) species group.

Characterization of the mitogenome of Rhammatocerus brasiliensis and phylogenetic analysis of the family Acrididae (Orthoptera).

Acrididae family is characterized by diverse phylogenetic uncertainties, with different paraphyletic subfamilies. This study characterized the mitogenome of the grasshopper Rhammatocerus brasiliensis and determined its phylogenetic position in the family Acrididae. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina platform.

Characterization and chromosomal mapping of the DgmarMITE transposon in populations of Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) sericeus species complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).

Transposable elements are dispersed repetitive DNA sequences that can move within the genome and are related to genome and chromosome evolution, adaptation, and speciation. The aim of this study was to characterize and determine the chromosomal location and accumulation of a Mariner-like element in populations of four phylogenetically related species of the Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) sericeus complex. Mapping of the isolated element was performed by fluorescent in situ hybridization in different populations of analyzed species.

Insights into the karyotype evolution and speciation of the beetle Euchroma gigantea (Coleoptera: Buprestidae).

Euchroma Dejean, 1833 (Buprestidae: Coleoptera) is a monotypic genus comprising the species Euchroma gigantea, with populations presenting a degree of karyotypic variation/polymorphism rarely found within a single taxonomic (specific) unit, as well as drastically incompatible meiotic configurations in populations from extremes of the species range. To better understand the complex karyotypic evolution of E. gigantea, the karyotypes of specimens from five populations in Brazil were investigated using molecular cytogenetics and phylogenetic approaches.

() (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic relationships within the superfamily Scarabaeoidea.

The mitochondrial DNA of () was characterized and its phylogenetic position was reconstructed in Scarabaeoidea. This mitogenome presented 14,802 bp-long, richness in AT of 77.4% and 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs.

Chromosomal diversification of diploid number, heterochromatin and rDNAs in two species of Phanaeus beetles (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae).

The genus Phanaeus is included in the tribe Phanaeini, one of the most diverse tribes within the subfamily Scarabaeinae in terms of chromosomal characteristics. However, so far the species of this genus were not studied with differential cytogenetic techniques, limiting any inference of the probable mechanisms responsible for this diversity. In this work, several techniques were applied with the aim of cytogenetically characterizing two Phanaeus species.

Evolutionary dynamics of heterochromatin in the genome of Dichotomius beetles based on chromosomal analysis.

We comparatively analyzed six Dichotomius species (Coleoptera: Scarabainae) through cytogenetic methods and mitochondrial genes sequencing in the aim to identify patterns of chromosomal evolution and heterochromatin differentiation in the group. The chromosomal data were accessed through the classical analysis of heterochromatin and mapping of high and moderately repeated DNAs (C (0) t-1 DNA fraction). Mitochondrial data were obtained from nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA genes.

Cytogenetic analysis of two Coprophanaeus species (Scarabaeidae) revealing wide constitutive heterochromatin variability and the largest number of 45S rDNA sites among Coleoptera.

The Coleopterans of Scarabaeinae clade presents Coprophanaeus (Megaphanaeus) ensifer and C. (Coprophanaeus) cyanescens (Scarabaeidae) when they are studied cytogenetically by different techniques. The species present symmetric karyotypes, diploid number of 2n=20, and meta-submetacentric chromosomes.

Amplification of repetitive DNA and origin of a rare chromosomal sex bivalent in Deltochilum (Calhyboma) verruciferum (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae).

The most intriguing karyotypic variation in the Coleoptera involves variation in sex chromosome structure, origin and behavior. In this report we describe chromosomal characteristics of Deltochilum (Calhyboma) verruciferum (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) using conventional and differential cytogenetic techniques, with emphasis on the description of a rare sex bivalent in the Coleoptera and dispersion of repetitive DNA. This species shows 2n = 20,XY(p) with biarmed chromosomes.

Cytogenetic characterization of Eurysternus caribaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): evidence of sex-autosome fusion and diploid number reduction prior to species dispersion.

Mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of several populations of Eurysternus caribaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were analysed through conventional staining, C-banding, base-specific fluorochromes, silver nitrate staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). All specimens showed 2n = 8 in their karyotypes, with a neo-XY sex system (Y is a submetacentric and X a metacentric) and three pairs of submetacentric autosomes. The analysis of constitutive heterochromatin (CH) revealed small blocks located in the centromeric region of all chromosomes which do not present positive staining under the fluorochromes CMA3 and DAPI.

Comparative cytogenetics of three species of Dichotomius (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae).

Meiotic and mitotic chromosomes of Dichotomius nisus, D. semisquamosus and D. sericeus were analyzed after conventional staining, C-banding and silver nitrate staining.

Karyotype differentiation patterns in species of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera).

The aim of this study was to describe the karyotype of species belonging to the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) and to compile the conventional cytogenetic data available in the literature for this group. The karyotypes of ten species belonging to the tribes Canthonini, Coprini, Onthophagini and Phanaeini were analyzed by conventional staining. Eight of these species were described for the first time (Canthon aff carbonarius, Canthon chalybaeus, Coprophanaeus dardanus, Deltochilum aff amazonicum, Dichotomius geminatus, Oxysternon silenus, Phanaeus chalcomelas and Malagoniella aff astyanax) and two were redescribed (Diabroctis mimas and Digitonthophagus gazella) since their karyotypes differed from those previously published in the literature.

Karyotype characterization of Eurysternus caribaeus: the smallest diploid number among Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea).

Eurysternus caribaeus was analyzed cytologically by conventional chromosomal staining. The species presents a diploid number of 2n=8, chromosomes with two arms and an XY sex determining mechanism. This is the first karyotype described for the genus Eurysternus and the tribe Eurysternini, and is also the smallest diploid number observed in the family Scarabaeidae and superfamily Scarabaeoidea.

Karyotypic characterization of representatives from Melolonthinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): karyotypic analysis, banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).

Meiotic chromosomes of Phyllophaga (Phytalus) vestita, Phyllophaga (Phyllophaga) aff capillata and Lyogenys fuscus (Melolonthinae) were analyzed by conventional staining, C-banding, fluorochromes, silver nitrate and FISH. The three species had a diploid number of 2n=20 and a sex mechanism of the (Xyp; XYp) parachute type. P.