Functional electrical stimulation cycling has no clear effect on urine output, lower limb swelling, and spasticity in people with spinal cord injury: a randomised cross-over trial.

Question: Does functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling increase urine output and decrease lower limb swelling and spasticity in people with recent spinal cord injury?

Design: Randomised cross-over trial.

Participants: Fourteen participants with a recent motor complete spinal cord injury were consecutively recruited from two spinal cord injury units in Sydney.

Intervention: Participants were randomised to an experimental phase followed by a control phase or vice versa, with a 1-week washout period in between.