A time-series analysis of morbidity and mortality of viral hepatitis in Venezuela, 1990-2016.

Background: Viral hepatitis (VH) is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, constituting a public health problem associated with the level of human development. In recent years, Venezuela has experienced a political, social, and economic crisis and has been impacted by natural disasters that have led to the deterioration of sanitary and health infrastructures modifying the determinants of VH. Despite epidemiological studies conducted in specific regions of the country or populations, the national epidemiological behaviour of VH remains unclear.

Neonatal oropharyngeal infection by HPV in our area.

Introduction: Although infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is mainly considered a sexually transmitted disease, newborns exposed to the virus in the perinatal period can also be infected through mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. The aim of our study was to increase our understanding of neonatal oropharyngeal infection by HPV, trying to establish its frequency, mechanisms of infection and persistence through age 2 years.

Material And Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational and descriptive study in a cohort of neonates born vaginally whose mothers carried HPV in the lower genital tract at the time of delivery.

Should we be concerned about Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever? - A reflection on its current situation in Venezuela and potential impact in Latin America amid the migration crisis.

Venezuelan Haemorrhagic Fever is an endemic zoonosis exhibiting a high lethality. Discovered decades ago, it is still causing seasonal hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. With the ongoing migration crisis, transmission and spreading to other countries in Latin America remains a latent threat that should be monitored, particularly in light of recent cases.

Resurgence of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Venezuela as a Regional Public Health Threat in the Americas.

Venezuela's tumbling economy and authoritarian rule have precipitated an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. Hyperinflation rates now exceed 45,000%, and Venezuela's health system is in free fall. The country is experiencing a massive exodus of biomedical scientists and qualified healthcare professionals.

Diphtheria Outbreak in Amerindian Communities, Wonken, Venezuela, 2016-2017.

In February 2017, a diphtheria outbreak occurred among Amerindians of the Pemón ethnic group in Wonken, Venezuela. A field investigation revealed ≈10 cases; clinical presentation did not include cutaneous or neurologic signs or symptoms. To prevent future outbreaks in Venezuela, Amerindian communities need better access to vaccination and healthcare.

Prevalence of Dyslipidemias in Three Regions in Venezuela: The VEMSOLS Study Results.

Background: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in multiple regions of Venezuela is unknown. The Venezuelan Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (VEMSOLS) was undertaken to evaluate cardiometabolic risk factors in Venezuela.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in five populations from three regions of Venezuela.

APPLICATION OF THE AACE/ACE ADVANCED FRAMEWORK FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF OBESITY AND CARDIOMETABOLIC DISEASE STAGING IN A GENERAL POPULATION FROM 3 REGIONS OF VENEZUELA: THE VEMSOLS STUDY RESULTS.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of obesity according to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology (AACE/ACE) framework based on a complications-centric model with further application of the Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS) system in a Venezuelan population.

Methods: A total of 1,320 adults were randomly selected from 3 regions. The AACE/ACE framework definitions were as follows: overweight, body mass index (BMI) 25 to 29.

High prevalence and poor control of hypertension in five venezuelan populations: the VEMSOLS study.

The prevalence of hypertension in multiple regions of Venezuela is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in five populations from three regions. During 2006 to 2010, 1392 subjects aged 20 or older were selected by multistage stratified random sampling from all households in five municipalities from: Lara State (Western region), Merida State (Andean region), and Capital District (Capital region).

Diabetes Care in Venezuela.

Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its economic burden have increased in Venezuela, posing difficult challenges in a country already in great turmoil.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the prevalence, causes, prevention, management, health policies, and challenges for successful management of diabetes and its complications in Venezuela.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review spanning 1960 to 2015 was performed.

Epidemiology and Disease Burden of Pediatric Dengue in Venezuela.

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has evolved from a sporadic infection to a major public health problem in the Americas, Southeast Asia and the western Pacific, and Africa. Its incidence has increased 30-fold over the past 50 years, and although the true disease burden is not well known, the annual incidence in some areas of the Americas may reach 5%-10% of all children when underreporting is considered. We recently analyzed the disease burden of dengue in Venezuela, and we found an overall decline in case numbers and mortality over the period of 1950-2011.

Diseases and injuries associated with travel among students, employees and teachers of the Central University of Venezuela during the national summer vacations.

The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of disease and injuries associated with travel, etiology, risk factors and medical management in a cross-sectional evaluation of university students, employees and teachers of the Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela, who returned from domestic travel. A questionnaire completed by 500 individuals was used to evaluate the incidence of disease and injuries associated with travel, the etiology, risk factors and medical management in university students, employees and teachers of Caracas, Venezuela. From the total who accepted and responded to the interview (460, 92%), 50.

Effects of malonate administration on renal ammoniagenesis in intact dogs.

In the dog kidney in vivo, malonate augmented ammoniagenesis from both amide and nonamide nitrogen sources, similar to previous in vitro investigations using incubating canine renal tubules. This was highly significant in alkalotic dogs, where it was accompanied by decreased renal tissue concentrations of glutamate. Changes in renal ammonia metabolism were less evident in acidotic dogs where a markedly decreased glomerular filtration rate was noted following malonate administration.

The regulation of renal ammoniagenesis in the rat by extracellular factors. III. Effects of various fuels on in vitro ammoniagenesis.

The addition of many oxidizable substrates to the medium of incubating rat renal slices decreases ammoniagenesis from glutamine and glutamate. Interestingly, lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate depress ammoniagenesis less in renal slices from acidotic rats compared with normal-control rats. In this study, the effects of an expanded panel of substrates on ammoniagenesis in kidney slices from control and acidotic rats were followed to discern patterns of inhibition.

Effects of 2-oxoglutarate concentrations on canine slice ammoniagenesis.

The concentration of renal 2-oxoglutarate has been proposed as an important regulator of ammoniagenesis in dog kidneys. In the present study, canine kidney slices produced less ammonia from glutamine and glutamate when 2-oxoglutarate was present in the incubation medium. However, the addition of arsenite, a metabolic blocker known to block 2-oxoglutarate metabolism and lead to its accumulation, overcame 2-oxoglutarate inhibition of ammoniagenesis when glutamine and glutamate were the ammonia precursors.