Epidemiological analysis of nail aspergillosis and non-dermatophyte moulds. Criteria for the involvement of Aspergillus in 102 cases of onychomycosis at Montpellier University Hospital, France (1991-2019).

Background: Moulds are often wrongly considered contaminants, not very sensitive to conventional antifungal treatments, but they may cause ungual hyphomycosis, particularly Aspergillus. Due to the lack of precise diagnostic criteria, their real impact is underestimated.

Objectives: Retrospective descriptive analysis of all ungual hyphomycosis cases diagnosed at Montpellier Hospital from 1991 to 2019 to: (i) determine the incidence of onychomycosis by pseudo-dermatophytes and moulds; (ii) perform an epidemiological analysis of nail aspergillosis; and (iii) provide simple criteria for mould involvement in onychopathy.

Emerging Invasive Fungal Infections in Critically Ill Patients: Incidence, Outcomes and Prognosis Factors, a Case-Control Study.

Comprehensive data on emerging invasive fungal infections (EIFIs) in the critically ill are scarce. We conducted a case-control study to characterize EIFIs in patients admitted to a French medical ICU teaching hospital from 2006 to 2019. Among 6900 patients, 26 (4 per 1000) had an EIFI: accounted for half, and other isolates were mainly , and .

Direct identification of molds by sequence analysis in fungal chronic rhinosinusitis.

Fungi are widely implicated in chronic rhinosinusitis. Direct microscopic examination (DME) is used to confirm the biological diagnosis of fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS). Diagnostic sensitivity of DME is better than culture, however DME does not allow fungal species identification.

[Biological diagnosis of onychomycoses. Direct examination after simplified technique of PAS staining].

Confirmation of fungal origin of onychopathy by mycological examination is essential. For that purpose, in parallel to the cultivation of biological samples, achieving a sensitive and informative direct examination of nail fragments and subungual material is primordial. Among the direct examination techniques, and inspired from a technique of reference in histo-pathology (the "periodic acid-Schiff reagent" reaction), the simplified technique of PAS staining according to Hotchkiss and MacManus is the technique of choice.

Assessment of caspofungin susceptibility of Candida glabrata by the Etest®, CLSI, and EUCAST methods, and detection of FKS1 and FKS2 mutations.

Candida glabrata has emerged as a major pathogen in invasive candidiasis in recent years. Currently, guidelines for invasive candidiasis treatment recommend fluconazole or an echinocandin as the first-line therapy. Nevertheless, the resistance of Candida glabrata to echinocandin is an emerging problem and has been partly associated with mutations in the FKS1 and FKS2 genes.

Evaluation of a new test for candidiasis diagnosis in elderly people.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new test for candidiasis diagnosis (fungi-dent color test) in an institutionalised elderly population.

Background: Yeasts normally exist in the human body flora and exploit a situation of weakness in the host. Epidemiologic analyses of yeast infection in the oral cavity showed that the most frequently involved species were Candida albicans.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis in a patient with Crohn's disease treated with prednisone, azathioprine and adalimumab: exposure to chicken manure as a source of contamination.

Background: Biotherapies targeting TNFα were proven to be effective in the most severe cases of Crohn's Disease, a chronic granulomatous inflammatory bowel disease that can involve any portion of the digestive tract. The tolerance of anti-TNFα therapy is usually good, although several infectious complications have been reported with these drugs.

Methods: We report a case of a Crohn's disease patient who developed pulmonary cryptococcosis following chicken manure exposition while he received adalimumab and azathioprine.

Seven imported histoplasmosis cases due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum: From few weeks to more than three decades asymptomatic period.

Histoplasma capsulatum is a nonendemic fungus in Europe. Epidemiological, clinical biological features and follow-up of seven imported cases in France were reported. These cases underlined the difficulties of such diagnosis in nonendemic areas due to greatly variable asymptomatic period, and lack of specific clinical signs.

Antifungal susceptibility of 205 Candida spp. isolated primarily during invasive Candidiasis and comparison of the Vitek 2 system with the CLSI broth microdilution and Etest methods.

Infections due to Candida spp. are frequent, particularly in immunocompromised and intensive care unit patients. Antifungal susceptibility tests are now required to optimize antifungal treatment given the emergence of acquired antifungal resistance in some Candida species.

Risk zones of human Leishmaniases in the Western Mediterranean basin: correlations between vector sand flies, bioclimatology and phytosociology.

Correspondence analysis was applied to sand fly sampling in 865 stations from the Western Mediterranean basin. The position of each of 24 species was determined with respect to the bioclimatic belts. Thus, the multidimensional analyses manifest clear correlations between bioclimatic belts and their expression in the area, the phytosociological groupings, and vector species of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases.

Aspergillus flavus mitral valve endocarditis after lung abscess.

A 16-year-old male with bone marrow failure due to chemotherapy for recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed an abscess in the lower lobe of the left lung draining through a bronchogastric fistula, as well as mitral valve endocarditis with large vegetations. After a course of antifungal therapy, the left lobe was removed and the fistula closed. The mitral valve was then replaced, after a failed attempt at valve repair, by a mechanical, double-leaflet prosthesis.

Numerical taxonomy of Old World Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae). 2. Restatement of classification upon subgeneric morphological characters.

Numerical analyses (correspondence analysis, ascending hierarchical classification, and cladistics) were done with morphological characters of adult phlebotomine sand flies. The resulting classification largely confirms that of classical taxonomy for supra-specific groups from the Old World, though the positions of some groups are adjusted. The taxa Spelaeophlebotomus Theodor 1948, Idiophlebotomus Quate & Fairchild 1961, Australophlebotomus Theodor 1948 and Chinius Leng 1987 are notably distinct from other Old World groups, particularly from the genus Phlebotomus Rondani & Berté 1840.

Numerical taxonomy of Old World Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae). 1. Considerations of morphological characters in the genus Phlebotomus Rondani & Berté 1840.

Numerical analyses (correspondence analysis, ascending hierarchical classification, cladistic approach) were applied to the morphological characters of the adults of the genus Phlebotomus Rondani & Berté 1840. They confirm the reliability of the classic classifications, and also redefine the taxonomic and phylogenetic position of certain taxa. Thus, Spelaeophlebotomus Theodor 1948.

[Parasitic fecal analyses. Prescription, application and interpretation of results].

The increasing ease of intercontinental travel, immigration and the multiplication of cases of immune depression are such that European physicians are now frequently required to prescribe stool examinations for parasites. This article defines the laboratory approach to the diagnosis of intestinal parasites: indications for tests, based upon clinical and epidemiological data; methods of prescription and recommendations to patients; techniques used in the laboratory and their cost; minimum answer times; interpretation of results, in particular in the immune depressed.

[Notes on the phlebotomus of Aïr (Niger)].

238 phlebotomine sandfly belonging to seven species have been collected in four localities of Niger, in the Aïr mountain range. Phlebotomus bergeroti was the dominant species in animal bait and in collections inside dwellings. Some attention has to be paid to P.

Application of numerical taxonomic methods on phlebotominae.

Numerical analyses (factorial analysis, ascending hierarchical classification, and cladistic) were carried out on morphological characters of adult phlebotomine sandflies. Contributions emerge to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the group. Classical taxonomy is largely confirmed for Old World groups, though the positions of some are adjusted.

[Simultaneous presence in dogs of 2 zymodemes of the Leishmania infantum complex].

The concomitant presence of two zymodemes of the leishmania infantum complex. MON-1 and MON-77, is reported in a dog with diffuse leishmaniasis. The zymodemes were present in both the skin and lymph nodes.