A Multicomponent Behavior Change and Implementation Strategy to Increase Lung Cancer Screening in Primary Care Practices: The IBREATHE Study.

Objectives: Despite broader eligibility under the 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines, national lung cancer screening (LCS) uptake remains at around 16%. This radiologist-led study sought to identify LCS barriers in primary care settings and develop a theory-based behavior change and implementation strategy to improve screening rates in these settings.

Methods: A multiphase approach was used, including qualitative methods and frameworks (ie, Behavior Change Wheel; Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation of Behavior model; Theoretical Domains Framework; and Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change glossary) to understand and address LCS barriers.

Melamine-related kidney stones and renal toxicity.

Several well-documented outbreaks of melamine poisoning have occurred in both animals and humans during the past 7 years, which led to the identification of melamine and cyanuric acid as nephrotoxins. This Review provides an overview of the known experimental and observational data (including toxicology, epidemiology, and pathology) concerning melamine contamination of foodstuffs, both alone and in combination with cyanuric acid. The various renal effects of ingestion of these compounds in both animals and humans are described, and a hypothesis on the mechanism of formation of melamine-based kidney stones is presented.

Characteristics and outcomes of adult patients lost to follow-up at an antiretroviral treatment clinic in johannesburg, South Africa.

Background: A significant proportion of those initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV infection are lost to follow-up. Causes for discontinuing ART follow-up in resource-limited settings are not well understood.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of all adult patients receiving ART at an urban public clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa between April 2004 and June 2005.