Urethral caruncle in penile urethra in a young male.

Urethral caruncles are seen almost exclusively in women. When these lesions are diagnosed in a male patient, he is likely to undergo unnecessary radical treatment mistaking a urethral caruncle for a malignant urethral neoplasm. Hence, a proper histopathological diagnosis is mandatory before deciding the final treatment.

Low dose lignocaine + butorphanol vs. low dose bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in day care urological surgeries: a prospective randomized control trial.

Objective: A local anaesthetic with fast onset, short and reliable duration of anaesthesia may be preferable for day care urological surgeries. Low dose lignocaine is believed to act faster and to have a shorter duration of action than low dose bupivacaine. Use of lignocaine for spinal anesthesia is discouraged now a days because of rare reports of transient neurological symptoms.