Selective chemical looping combustion of acetylene in ethylene-rich streams.

The requirement for CH concentrations below 2 parts per million (ppm) in gas streams for CH polymerization necessitates its semihydrogenation to CH. We demonstrate selective chemical looping combustion of CH in CH-rich streams by BiO as an alternative catalytic pathway to reduce CH concentration below 2 ppm. BiO combusts CH with a first-order rate constant that is 3000 times greater than the rate constant for CH combustion.

Site-specific plan-view (S)TEM sample preparation from thin films using a dual-beam FIB-SEM.

To fully evaluate the atomic structure, and associated properties of materials using transmission electron microscopy, examination of samples from three non-collinear orientations is needed. This is particularly challenging for thin films and nanoscale devices built on substrates due to limitations with plan-view sample preparation. In this work, a new method for preparation of high-quality, site-specific, plan-view TEM samples from thin-films grown on substrates, is presented and discussed.

Five questions on the cell-to-cell movement of .

Plant viruses employ Movement proteins (MP) for their cell to cell spread through plasmodesmata (PD). MP modifies the PD and increases its size exclusion limit (SEL). However, the mechanism by which MPs are targeted to the PD is still unresolved and there is a lack of consensus owing to limited studies on their biochemical and structural characters.

The interplay between external residue addition, and soil organic carbon dynamics and mineralization kinetics: Experiences from a 12-year old conservation agriculture.

Maintaining soil carbon is vital under changing climate. Conservation agriculture (CA) is reported to have potential to store soil organic carbon (SOC). The impact of carbon inputs on SOC dynamics and mineralization kinetics, and the priming effect of residue addition under long-term CA in subtropical regions, however, are not clear or adequately evaluated.

Unraveling the Surface Activity of Ethanol-Water Mixtures through Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Ethanol's complete miscibility in water makes it a widely used solvent in various applications, such as organic compound synthesis, paint manufacture, chromatography, and cosmetics preservation. Studies suggest that ethanol's concentration at interfaces can be higher than in the bulk due to its amphiphilic nature, especially at lower concentrations, making it a surface-active agent. Accordingly, ethanol plays a crucial role in controlling the emulsion stability, foam formation, heat transfer, and coating adhesion.

'Donor-acceptor', 'interpenetrating polymer network' and 'electrostatic self-assembly' work in tandem to achieve extraordinary specific shielding effectiveness.

The exploration of 'electrostatic self-assembly' on solid surfaces has garnered significant interest across various fields. With the sophistication of gadgets, managing electromagnetic interference (EMI) from stray signals, especially in stealth applications, necessitates materials that can absorb microwaves. A promising approach involves integrating lightweight self-healing polymeric materials.

Self-Healable Interfaces with Improved Mechanical Properties Induced by Dynamic Network Reconfiguration in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Laminates.

Interfacial failure in carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy (CFRE) laminates is a prominent mode of failure, attracting significant research attention. The large surface-energy mismatch between carbon fiber (CF) and epoxy results in a weaker interface. This study presents a facile yet effective method for enhancing the interfacial adhesion between CF and epoxy with self-healable interfaces.

Von Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor controls m6A-dependent gene expression in renal tumorigenesis.

N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant posttranscriptional modification, and its contribution to cancer evolution has recently been appreciated. Renal cancer is the most common adult genitourinary cancer, approximately 85% of which is accounted for by the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) subtype characterized by VHL loss. However, it is unclear whether VHL loss in ccRCC affects m6A patterns.

Microwave-assisted ZnO-decorated carbon urchin resembling 'shish-kebab' morphology with self-healing and enhanced electromagnetic shielding properties.

Herein, inspired by fruit, the shish-kebab-like growth of ZnO on carbon urchin (ZnO@CU) was designed using microwave radiation, thus leading to a hierarchal 3D structure that can promote multiple internal reflections through polarization centers. This hierarchal structure was then dispersed in a designer polyetherimide (PEI) matrix containing dynamic covalent bonds that can undergo metathesis, triggered by temperature, to harness self-healing properties in the composite. Such key attributes are required for their potential use in EMI shielding applications where frequent repairs are indispensable.

Advances in RNA Interference for Plant Functional Genomics: Unveiling Traits, Mechanisms, and Future Directions.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved molecular mechanism that plays a critical role in post-transcriptional gene silencing across diverse organisms. This review delves into the role of RNAi in plant functional genomics and its applications in crop improvement, highlighting its mechanistic insights and practical implications. The review begins with the foundational discovery of RNAi's mechanism, tracing its origins from petunias to its widespread presence in various organisms.

Dataset for boiling acoustic emissions: A tool for data driven boiling regime prediction.

Boiling is used for the thermal management of high-energy-density devices and systems. However, sudden thermal runaway at boiling crisis often results in catastrophic failures. Machine learning is a promising tool for in-situ monitoring of boiling-based systems for preemptive control of boiling crisis.

Investigating the Vapor-Phase Adsorption of Aroma Molecules on the Water-Vapor Interface using Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Surfactants are amphiphilic additives primarily used to reduce the surface tension of water and manipulate its wettability on various surfaces. Recent reports suggest that volatile surfactants, such as aroma molecules, diffuse more quickly to the interface from the vapor-phase than conventional surfactants typically used in the aqueous phase. The ability to adsorb from the vapor phase, in addition to their use as cosurfactants, expands the potential applications of volatile surfactants, particularly in situations where adding surfactants from the liquid phase is difficult.

AutoML accurately predicts endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in acute large vessel ischemic stroke.

Background And Objective: Automated machine learning or autoML has been widely deployed in various industries. However, their adoption in healthcare, especially in clinical settings is constrained due to a lack of clear understanding and explainability. The aim of this study is to utilize autoML for the prediction of functional outcomes in patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy and compare it with traditional ML models with a focus on the explainability of the trained models.

Case Report: Thromboelastography for uremic thrombocytopathy in a patient with COVID-19.

Uremia causes several biochemical and physiological impairments that result in the accumulation of toxins with multiple clinical effects. Bleeding is one of the most common complications of acute and chronic renal failure. The pathogenesis of uremic bleeding is multifactorial, of which uremic thrombocytopathy is the most described clinically.

Lung function trajectories in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease characterised by decline in lung function. We evaluated trajectories of forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity (DLco) in a cohort of patients with IPF.

Methods: Patients with IPF that was diagnosed or confirmed at the enrolling centre in the previous 6 months were enrolled into the IPF-PRO Registry between June 2014 and October 2018.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal trial of sarilumab for the treatment of glucocorticoid-dependent sarcoidosis.

Objectives: Effective steroid-sparing therapies for the treatment of sarcoidosis are lacking; IL-6 antagonists may reduce sarcoidosis disease activity. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of the IL-6 receptor antagonist, sarilumab, in subjects with glucocorticoid-dependent sarcoidosis.

Methods: This phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal trial enrolled 15 subjects with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis at Stanford University from November 2019 to September 2022.

AIMS65, Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score and modified Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score in predicting outcomes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: An accuracy and calibration study.

Background: Albumin, international normalized ratio (INR), mental status, systolic blood pressure, age >65 years (AIMS65), Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score (GBS) and modified GBS (mGBS) are three pre-endoscopy scoring systems used in the risk stratification of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). The utility of such scoring systems in a population is estimated by their accuracy and calibration in the population. We aimed at validating and comparing the accuracy of the three scoring systems in predicting clinical outcomes including in-hospital mortality, need for blood transfusion, endoscopic treatment and rebleeding risk.

Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals novel idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis endotypes associated with disease progression.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the pulmonary interstitium and progressive functional decline. We hypothesized that integration of multi-omics data would identify clinically meaningful molecular endotypes of IPF.

Methods: The IPF-PRO Registry is a prospective registry of patients with IPF.

Electrophoretically Deposited Multiscale Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nanotube Construct Mediated Interfacial Engineering in Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composites.

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites as a structural material have garnered tremendous interest over the past few decades. In particular, carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy (CFRE) laminates have seen extensive use in the aircraft and aerospace industry. The role of the interface between the matrix and fiber is critical and dictates the overall structural properties of the CFRE laminate.

Adverse Events Related to Tirzepatide.

Context: Tirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in May 2022 for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective: We aimed to determine the rates of individual adverse events (AEs) related to 3 studied doses of tirzepatide.

Methods: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis including 5 databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science) for all clinical trials reporting AEs related to tirzepatide.