Use of an Artificial Intelligence-Generated Vascular Severity Score Improved Plus Disease Diagnosis in Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: To evaluate whether providing clinicians with an artificial intelligence (AI)-based vascular severity score (VSS) improves consistency in the diagnosis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Design: Multireader diagnostic accuracy imaging study.

Participants: Eleven ROP experts, 9 of whom had been in practice for 10 years or more.

Equitable inclusion of diverse populations in oncology clinical trials: deterrents and drivers.

The burden of cancer exerts a disproportionate impact across different regions and population subsets. Disease-specific attributes, coupled with genetic and socioeconomic factors, significantly influence cancer treatment outcomes. Precision oncology promises the development of safe and effective options for specific ethnic phenotypes and clinicodemographic profiles.

Posterior segment manifestations of Takayasu arteritis: A narrative review.

Ocular symptoms can be the presenting manifestation of Takayasu arteritis (TA) or could be indicative of disease reactivation. A review of published literature related to posterior segment manifestations of TA by using the keywords "Takayasu arteritis," "ophthalmic manifestations," "retina," "retinopathy," "ocular," "optic nerve," and "optic neuropathy" was performed. In total, 62 case reports and 12 case series were included.

Decoding the role of oxidative stress resistance and alternative carbon substrate assimilation in the mature biofilm growth mode of Candida glabrata.

Background: Biofilm formation is viewed as a vital mechanism in C. glabrata pathogenesis. Although, it plays a significant role in virulence but transcriptomic architecture and metabolic pathways governing the biofilm growth mode of C.

Correlation of palatal anatomic characteristics with dermatoglyphic heterogeneity in different growth patterns.

Aim And Objective: The study aimed to explore the correlation between dermatoglyphic patterns and quantitative palatal anatomic variables in individuals with different growth patterns.

Materials And Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 126 healthy patients aged 17-25 years. Participants were divided into three groups based on growth patterns: average, vertical, and horizontal.

Strabismus management in retinoblastoma survivors.

Purpose: To report the result of strabismus surgery in eye-salvaged retinoblastoma (Rb) patients.

Methods: A retrospective case series including 18 patients with Rb and strabismus who underwent strabismus surgery after completing tumor treatment by a single pediatric ophthalmologist.

Results: A total of 18 patients (10 females and 8 males) were included with a mean age of 13.

The scope of artificial intelligence in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) management.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a revolutionary technology that has the potential to develop into a widely implemented system that could reduce the dependence on qualified professionals/experts for screening the large at-risk population, especially in the Indian scenario. Deep learning involves learning without being explicitly told what to focus on and utilizes several layers of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to create a robust algorithm that is capable of high-complexity tasks. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a subset of ANNs that are particularly useful for image processing as well as cognitive tasks.

Investigating wound healing potential of sesamol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Ex-vivo, in vitro and in-vivo proof of concept.

Sesamol, a lignan, obtained from sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum Linn., Pedaliaciae) has a promising antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory profile. When applied topically, free sesamol rapidly crosses skin layers and gets absorbed in systemic circulation.

Diagnosis of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma masquerading infectious retinitis by retinal biopsy.

Purpose: To report a case of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma masquerading as infectious retinitis that was diagnosed via a retinal biopsy.

Observations: A 72-year-old female patient was referred to our ophthalmology clinic for evaluation of retinitis and vasculitis in the right eye (OD). On examination, best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) were hand motions OD and 20/20 in the left eye (OS).

Dual immunization with CdtB protein and flagellin epitope offers augmented protection against enteric fever in mice.

Aims: Present study has explored the protective response of dual immunization using two different antigenic entities (i.e. flagellin epitope and cytolethal distending toxin subunit B (CdtB) protein) against lethal challenge of typhoidal serovars in a murine model.

Nanocurcumin and viable Lactobacillus plantarum based sponge dressing for skin wound healing.

Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs) and probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP-40; L. plantarum) were currently co-incorporated into a wound dressing. The combination with manifold anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, analgesic, and antioxidant properties of both curcumin and L.

Multimodal Imaging Study of Patients With Vitamin A Deficiency Retinopathy.

Objectives: To describe multimodal imaging findings of vitamin A deficiency retinopathy.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients with serum retinol < 0.3 mg/L.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of DNase I in reinstating antibiotic efficacy against Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen associated with biofilm-based infections, which are intrinsically antibiotic resistant. Extracellular DNA plays a crucial role in biofilm formation and self-defence, with nucleases being proposed as promising agents for biofilm disruption. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of DNase I in improving the activity of cefotaxime, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin against K.

Mapping of audiometric analysis with microbiological findings in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM): a neglected clinical manifestation.

Otitis media (OM) is an umbrella term for a number of conditions associated with middle ear inflammation. Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), a type of OM, is characterized by long-term middle ear infection with perforated ear drum and otorrhea. The most common outcome associated with it is acquired hearing impairment in infected individuals which ultimately affects their cognitive and scholastic developments.

Potential of a novel flagellin epitope as a broad-spectrum vaccine candidate against enteric fever.

Relentless emergence of antibiotic resistant Salmonella strains, coupled with the drawbacks associated with currently available vaccines against enteric fever, warrants an urgent need to look for new vaccine candidates. Out of the multiple virulence factors harbored by Salmonella, flagella are regarded as one of the most important targets of innate as well as adaptive immune response. Individual Salmonella serotypes alternate between expression of two different antigenic forms encoded by fliC and fljB genes, respectively thereby employing this as a strategy to escape the host immune response.

Possible Contribution of Alternative Transcript Isoforms in Mature Biofilm Growth Phase of .

Unlabelled: Expression of genome-wide alternative transcript isoforms and differential transcript isoform usage in different biological conditions (isoform switching) are responsible for the varied proteomic functional diversity in higher eukaryotic organisms. However, these mechanisms have not been studied in which is a potent eukaryotic opportunistic pathogen Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor of that withstands antifungal drug stress and overcomes the host-immune response. Here, we present the genome-wide differential transcript isoform expression (DTE) and differential transcript isoform usage (DTU) in a mature biofilm growth phase of (clinical isolate; NCCPF 100,037) using the RNA sequencing approach.

Reverse engineering approach: a step towards a new era of vaccinology with special reference to .

Introduction: is responsible for causing enteric fever, septicemia, and gastroenteritis in humans. Due to high disease burden and emergence of multi- and extensively drug-resistant strains, it is becoming difficult to treat the infection with existing battery of antibiotics as we are not able to discover newer antibiotics at the same pace at which the pathogens are acquiring resistance. Though vaccines against are available commercially, they have limited efficacy.

Peptides as Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Theranostic Tools: Progress and Future Challenges.

Peptides are emerging as a promising candidate for therapeutic as well as diagnostic applications within the domain of clinical and scientific research. They are recognized for being highly selective, sensitive and efficacious with minimal or no toxicity. Small size, non-immunogenicity, ease of synthesis and huge scope of modification are some of the well-established properties of peptides, which make them an excellent alternative to not only small drug molecules but also to protein-based biopharmaceuticals such as antibodies and enzymes.

Whole-genome sequencing unravels novel genetic determinants and regulatory pathways associated with triamcinolone acetonide-induced ocular hypertension.

Glucocorticosteroids commonly used to treat certain ocular inflammatory conditions cause an unwarranted elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to steroid-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). This study aims to identify novel genetic variants in the Indian population associated with steroid responsiveness, specifically to that of intravitreal Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injections, which leads to OHT in 27% of the TA-treated Indian subjects. Genetic determinants and pathways regulating TA-OHT progression were investigated by applying whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on DNA extracted from 53 blood samples that included TA responders and non-responders.

Unravelling the role of hemp straw derived cellulose in CMC/PVA hydrogel for sustained release of fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

Cellulose fibres derived from hemp stalks, a prevalent biowaste in Northern India, were effectively converted into carboxymethyl cellulose (HS-CMC). Novel environmentally benign hydrogels were synthesized from HS-CMC and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using citric acid, a green crosslinker employing freeze-drying method. The HS-CMC/PVA hydrogels were successfully used for sustained release of fluoroquinolone antibiotic, norfloxacin.

Hypotrichosis with Juvenile Macular Dystrophy in a Patient with Cadherin 3 (CDH3) Mutation.

Introduction: Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy (HJMD) is an autosomal recessive disease with progressive macular degeneration leading to blindness in the first three decades of life along with hypotrichosis.

Case: We herein report a case of a five year old boy with hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy diagnosed with multi-modal imaging which was later confirmed by genetic testing by whole genome sequencing.

Observations: Fundus examination of both eyes revealed symmetrical hypopigmentation in peripapillary retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) involving posterior pole and surrounded by a mottled hyperpigmented border.