Detection of Geographic Atrophy Guided by Optical Coherence Tomography Sub-RPE Illumination Analysis in Patients With Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

To evaluate the prevalence of geographic atrophy (GA) lesions in patients with a diagnosis of intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD). A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed of patients with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, diagnosis of iAMD. The primary outcome was the percentage of eyes diagnosed with iAMD with an undocumented GA lesion identified on imaging.

How intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor initial dosing impacts patient outcomes in diabetic macular oedema.

Background: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for diabetic macular oedema (DME) may begin with several initial monthly doses. Characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes were compared for eyes with DME that did and did not receive such initial doses.

Methods: This was a retrospective database study using American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight Registry data (01/01/15-31/12/20; index period).

Impact of Duration of Exposure to Intraretinal Fluid on Visual Outcomes in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of total duration of intraretinal fluid (IRF) exposure on visual acuity and vision-related quality of life in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Design: A post hoc analysis of integrated data from the VIEW 1 and VIEW 2 trials.

Participants: Patients with nAMD.

Inpatient topical glaucoma medication-ordering discrepancies: a study of frequency and risk factors for inaccurate reconciliation.

Objective: To describe the frequency of topical glaucoma medication-ordering discrepancies (MOD) during transitions of care and to explore factors that may be associated with an increased risk of MOD.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: A random sample of adult patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) on at least 1 topical glaucoma medication admitted to any Cleveland Clinic facility between January 1, 2012, to January 1, 2023.

Evaluation of Sustained Intraocular Pressure Elevations Across Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents.

To evaluate the effect of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents on the development of sustained intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations. This single-center retrospective cohort study included eyes receiving anti-VEGF injections for various indications along with nontreated fellow eyes from 2012 to 2022. Patients were grouped according to treatment with bevacizumab, ranibizumab, or aflibercept.

Predictors of Vision Loss After Lapse in Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema.

To identify baseline characteristics that predict visual outcomes after a lapse in treatment among patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) who received intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections. In this retrospective study, patients with DME who had lapses in treatment of 3 months or longer were separated into 2 groups (stable vision, n = 201; vision loss, n = 61) based on an Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study vision loss threshold of 10 letters. Stepwise backward logistic regression was used to analyze baseline factors associated with vision loss and to create a predictive algorithm.

Risk of audiologic side effects with teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease: propensity matched analysis.

Background/objectives: Patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) taking teprotumumab have reported audiologic symptoms as a side effect; however, limited real world data and large sample sizes have been utilized to evaluate this relationship.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was created in TriNetX to identify patients with TED utilizing ICD-10, CPT, and Healthcare Common Procedure coding systems. TED patients with and without teprotumumab treatment were analysed with greedy one-to-one propensity matching.

Associations between Androgen Exposure, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Transmasculine Individuals with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: The prevalence of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) among transmasculine, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and androgen-exposed patients remains largely unexplored. Although these groups involve patients with elevated testosterone levels, previous literature is inconclusive on the influence of testosterone on CSCR. This study aimed to determine the relationship between CSCR and cohorts with exogenous androgen exposure, female-to-male (FTM) transgender individuals, and those diagnosed with PCOS.

mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations are not associated with RVO development 21 days and 12 weeks after vaccination.

Case reports have speculated if COVID-19 vaccinations may be associated with retinal vascular occlusions (RVO). Specifically, previous literature speculated an increased risk of RVOs days to weeks after vaccination. After reviewing two recent analyses, mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations do not appear to increase the risk of RVOs at 3 and 12 weeks post-vaccination.

Exploring new horizons in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: novel mechanisms of action and future therapeutic avenues.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) can lead to significant vision impairment through the growth of abnormal neovascular membranes in the choroid. Despite advancements with current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies, challenges such as frequent injections, inadequate response, and patient-related concerns persist. Emerging therapeutics aim to reduce vision-loss through a variety of mechanisms.

Relationship Between Janus Kinase Inhibitor Use and Development of Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Background And Objective: Janus kinase (Jak) inhibitors may have increased risk of thromboembolism compared to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. This study investigates the association between Jak inhibitor use and retinal vein occlusion.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective, non-randomized cohort study used a federated health research network.

Long-term Visual Outcomes in Patients With Idiopathic Macular Hole Surgery.

Background And Objective: This study assesses long-term outcomes following surgical repair of idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) in patients with at least 5 years of postoperative follow-up.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study evaluated patients diagnosed with idiopathic FTMH who received surgical repair at a single tertiary center with at least 5 years of postoperative follow-up. Data collection included demographic and preoperative characteristics along with macular hole structural integrity as determined by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Development of a Consensus Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Noninfectious Uveitis Affecting the Posterior Segment.

Background And Objective: A consensus exercise was carried out to address unmet needs in the classification, diagnosis, and management of patients with chronic noninfectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment (NIU-PS), with a focus on chronic postoperative inflammation/cystoid macular edema.

Methods: Eight experts participated in roundtable discussions and consensus-building exercises to develop clear guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic NIU-PS. The group addressed questions surrounding clinical features, diagnostic tests, and treatment considerations.

Investigating the Relationship Between Lipid-Lowering Agents and the Complications of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Background And Objective: As the therapeutic efficacy of lipid-lowering agents (LLA) against diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains controversial, this study aimed to evaluate whether various LLA therapies are associated with a reduced risk of DR progression.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study of the medical records of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and DR compared the risk of adverse progression of DR between patients who received statins, fibrates, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and no LLA (control).

Results: Patients in the statin cohort had a reduced rate of progression to proliferative DR compared to controls (HR = 0.

Central Retinal Thickness Variability as a Predictive Factor for Visual Acuity After Dexamethasone Implant in Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Background And Objective: Investigate central retinal thickness (CRT) variability and changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after 12 months in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) treated with dexamethasone intravitreal implants.

Patients And Methods: Post hoc analyses of two randomized trials in patients with macular edema associated with branch or central RVO treated with a 0.7-mg dexamethasone implant.

American Society of Retina Specialists Artificial Intelligence Task Force Report.

Since the Artificial Intelligence Committee of the American Society of Retina Specialists developed the initial task force report in 2020, the artificial intelligence (AI) field has seen further adoption of US Food and Drug Administration-approved AI platforms and significant development of AI for various retinal conditions. With expansion of this technology comes further areas of challenges, including the data sources used in AI, the democracy of AI, commercialization, bias, and the need for provider education on the technology of AI. The overall focus of this committee report is to explore these recent issues as they relate to the continued development of AI and its integration into ophthalmology and retinal practice.

The Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Diabetic Retinopathy at a Tertiary Care Center.

Objective: The potential association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) worsening and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) has affected therapeutic management of diabetic patients but remains controversial. This study compared rates of DR development or progression in patients on GLP-1RA to those on SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2I).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Long-term visual outcomes and fluid compartment changes in limited-early versus early response to anti-VEGF treatment for diabetic macular edema.

Objective: This study assessed best visual acuity (BVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) outcomes for LER (limited early responder) and ER (early responder) patients at 24 and 36 months.

Design: Retrospective chart review PARTICIPANTS: One-hundred and twelve patients characterized at 3 months after their first anti-VEGF injections as either LER if they met the anatomic criteria (aLER = CST reductions ≤ 10%), visual criteria (vLER = ETDRS letter gains < 5 letter), or both (cLER). All other patients were classified as ER (aER/vER/cER).

Diabetic retinopathy: Screening, prevention, and treatment.

Internists are integral in the multidisciplinary approach to diabetic retinopathy, contributing significantly to the management of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Effective screening processes, timely referrals, and strategic diabetes management are imperative to prevent and mitigate the consequences of diabetic retinopathy. The evolution of treatments for diabetic retinopathy has markedly improved vision outcomes and reduced the burden on patients.