Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis as a Late-Onset Pulmonary Toxicity after Treatment with Anticancer Chemotherapy for High-Risk Neuroblastoma.

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare, progressive, restrictive lung disease characterized by hypercarbic respiratory failure. In pediatrics, it has been described in patients with a history of malignancy who have received a bone marrow transplant, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. It is characterized by pleural thickening, fibrosis, subpleural elastosis, and intraalveolar collagen deposits.

Postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia improves pain management after subcutaneous implantable defibrillator implantation.

Objective: Postoperative pain is a major issue with subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICD). In 2020, we introduced intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) in addition to the conventional, request-based analgesia for postoperative pain control in S-ICD. To determine the effect and safety, we quantitatively assessed the effect of IV-PCA after S-ICD surgery over conventional methods.

Safety evaluation of a stepwise tracheostomy decannulation program in pediatric patients.

Purpose: In the event of failed tracheostomy decannulation, patients might have a tragic course of events. We retrospectively evaluated our stepwise tracheostomy decannulation program and examined its safety.

Methods: A 12-year retrospective study of pediatric patients was conducted.

Unclassified bronchopulmonary foregut malformation in a 2-year-old girl.

Background: Bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (BPFM) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a fistula between an isolated portion of respiratory tissue and the esophagus or stomach. Srikanth et al. reported that BPFMs can be categorized into four groups, and that an unclassified BPFM is extremely rare.

The impacts of preoperative frailty on readmission after cardiac implantable electrical device implantation.

Cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIED) such as pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapies are generally recommended for older patients and those with severe heart failure (HF). However, there is currently a lack of evidence on the relationship between frailty and readmission rates among patients with CIED. This study investigated whether preoperative frailty influenced readmission rates among patients with CIED over a one-year period following implantation.

Pancreaticobiliary maljunction without biliary dilatation in pediatric patients.

Purpose: Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) without biliary dilatation is a condition in which dilatation of the bile duct is not seen in patients with PBM. Recently, the Japanese Study Group on Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction (JSGPM) published new diagnostic criteria for PBM. In these criteria, biliary dilatation is defined according to the standard diameter at each age.

Obstructive Fecalomas in an Infant Treated with Successful Endoscopic Disimpaction.

A fecaloma is a mass of accumulated feces with a consistency much harder than that of a fecal impaction. It is most frequently observed in the rectum and sigmoid area, and associated complications include colonic obstruction, ulceration, bleeding, and perforation. A one-year-old, previously healthy boy with no history of chronic constipation was admitted because of vomiting and abdominal distension.

A 5-year-old boy with acute neurological disorder from anteflexion-induced cervical cord compression after tracheal surgery: Radiological findings similar to Hirayama disease.

Constant neck flexion has been considered crucial to reducing anastomotic tension after tracheal resection. However, in rare cases, anteflexion can cause cervical cord damage, leading to acute neurological disorders such as tetraplegia. Here, we report a case of 5-year-old boy presenting with acute neurological disorder triggered by a chin-to-chest position over 4 days of deep sedation after cricotracheal resection.

Mantle cell lymphoma with EBV-positive Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg-like cells in a patient after autologous PBSCT: Phenotypically distinct but genetically related tumors.

The case of 70-year-old man with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) carrying t(11;14) translocation that relapsed as nodal lymphoma combining MCL and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) 9 years after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant (auto-PBSCT) is reported. Lymph nodes contained two separate areas of MCL and cHL-like components. Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like cells were accompanied by a prominent histiocyte background.

Long-Term Outcomes After Pediatric Tracheostomy-Candidates for and Timing of Decannulation.

Background: Although pediatric tracheostomy has been a widely performed, life-saving procedure, its long-term outcomes have remained unclear. This study aimed to review outcomes after tracheostomy at a Japanese tertiary hospital and clarify candidates for and timing of decannulation.

Materials And Methods: Hospital records of critically ill children who underwent tracheostomy from 2001 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed, subsequently analyzing outcomes according to demographics, complications, and decannulation.

A case of primary lung squamous cell carcinoma mimicking malignant mesothelioma producing granulocyte colony stimulating factor with chemotherapy (cisplatin and gemcitabine)-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP); An autopsy case report.

Objectives: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare form of thrombotic microangiopathy. In recent years, an extensive variety of drugs, including certain cytotoxic agents, have been reported to be associated with TTP. Additionally, several studies have reported that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was produced by lung carcinoma.

Exclusive Cerebellar and Leptomeningeal Metastases from Early Gastric Cancer 14 Months after Proximal Gastrectomy: An Autopsy Case Report.

We report a rare autopsy case in which the patient received gastrectomy after an endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer, and had deteriorated due to exclusive metastatic cerebellar tumors identified 14 months after surgery. A 65-year-old male was diagnosed as having a 0-IIc-type early gastric cancer on the posterior wall of the upper stomach by gastrointestinal endoscopy in search of a cause of epigastralgia, and thus received proximal gastrectomy and pyloroplasty. Although the tumor was in the early stages and limited within the mucosal layer, adjuvant chemotherapy was started by using S-1 80 mg daily due to evidence of metastasis into lymph node #3 at the lesser curvature.

Clinical prediction of solitary pulmonary nodule after a curative resection for gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer metastasis to the lung can rarely manifest as solitary pulmonary nodule. The surgical strategies are different between metastasis from gastric cancer and primary lung cancer; therefore, the clinical prediction of solitary pulmonary nodule is important.

Methods: Between September 2006 and September 2016, 38 patients with a history of curative resection for gastric cancer who subsequently underwent lung resection for solitary pulmonary nodule at our institution were evaluated.

Steroid-resistant autoimmune myelofibrosis in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis and Evans syndrome complicated with increased expression of TGF-β in the bone marrow: a case report.

We here report a 47-year-old female with autoimmune myelofibrosis (AIMF) associated with liver damage caused by autoimmune hepatitis and Evans syndrome. Bone marrow biopsy revealed hypocellular marrow with grade 2 reticulin fibrosis and increased levels of B lymphocytes (CD20), T lymphocytes (CD3, CD8), and plasma cells (CD138). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages in the bone marrow.

Cholangitis as an initial manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa.

A previously healthy 89-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with right upper quadrant pain and mild fever. A diagnosis of cholangitis was suspected based on the patient's physical findings and imaging features. Although he received treatment typical for cholangitis, he suddenly died of shock for unknown reasons two months after disease onset.

The tight-junction protein claudin-6 induces epithelial differentiation from mouse F9 and embryonic stem cells.

During epithelialization, cell adhesions and polarity must be established to maintain tissue assemblies and separate the biological compartments in the body. However, the molecular basis of epithelial morphogenesis, in particular, a role of cell adhesion molecules in epithelial differentiation from stem cells, remains unclear. Here, we show that the stable and conditional expression of a tight-junction protein, claudin-6 (Cldn6), triggers epithelial morphogenesis in mouse F9 stem cells.