Hybrid SPEAK OUT! protocol improves aerodynamic measurements and PROMs in Parkinson's disease.

Background: SPEAK OUT! has been shown to enhance various aspects of voice such as intensity, prosody, voice quality and perception of voice. However, their impacts on expiration and communication effectiveness have not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Hybrid SPEAK OUT! method on aerodynamic measurements and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Influence of various combinations of specific antibody dose and affinity on tissue imipramine redistribution.

1. This study was designed to evaluate the distribution kinetics of imipramine (Imip) in the brain and the main peripheral organs (heart, kidney, liver and lung) of rats, and to establish the relationship between the redistribution of Imip from these tissues and the immunoreactive capacity (dose and affinity) of anti-TCA IgG. 2.

Redistribution of imipramine from regions of the brain under the influence of circulating specific antibodies.

The kinetics of brain-to-blood redistribution of imipramine (IMI) was assessed in nine brain regions of control rats and rats given anti-tricyclic antidepressant (anti-TCA) antibody. Two antibodies were given intravenously 6 min after intravenous [3H]IMI (1 nmol/kg). One was a murine monoclonal IgG1 (Ka = 3.

Facilitation of imipramine efflux from the brain by systemic specific antibodies.

1. This study investigated the capacity of circulating anti-tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) IgG to increase the efflux of imipramine (Imip) from the rat brain. 2.

Dose-dependent delivery of colchicine to the rat hippocampus by microdialysis.

The time courses of the colchicine delivery and diffusion rate in the brain were studied by microdialysis in the rat. Microdialysis allowed the exposure of the brain tissue to colchicine to be regulated, unlike a bolus injection. Colchicine was infused directly into the dorsal hippocampus at 40 ng/ml and 40 micrograms/ml, for 8 h.

Brain microdialysis in the mouse.

Microdialysis of small brain areas of OF1 mice is shown to be feasible using the smallest commercially available probes (CMA/11). The brain areas studied were the dorsal hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. The basal concentrations of biogenic amine metabolites in dialysate samples were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection (ED).

Involvement of hydroxylated metabolites in amphetamine-induced hypothermia in mice.

1. The hydroxylated metabolites of amphetamine, p-hydroxyamphetamine (p-OHA) and p-hydroxynorephedrine (p-OHN), were administered intracerebroventricularly in mice in order to evaluate their ability to elicit hypothermia. 2.

Facilitation of amphetamine-induced hypothermia in mice by GABA agonists and CCK-8.

1. Amphetamine-induced hypothermia in mice is facilitated by dopaminergic stimulation and 5-hydroxytryptaminergic inhibition. The present study was designed to investigate: (a) the involvement of other neuronal systems, such as the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the opioid and the cholecystokinin (CCK-8) systems; (b) the possible contribution of hydroxylated metabolites of amphetamine to the hypothermia; (c) the capacity of dopamine itself to induce hypothermia and its mechanisms, in order to clarify the resistance of amphetamine-induced hypothermia to certain neuroleptics.

Opioid involvement in TRH-induced antinociception in the rat following intracerebral administration.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has an antinociceptive action in the rat. Antinociception was observed using a thermal stimulus (tail-flick test) after TRH administration into lateral ventricle, nucleus raphe magnus, nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis and amygdaloid nuclei. This effect was short-lived since it was completely abolished 60 min after intracerebroventricular administration.

Potentiation by TRH of the effect of antidepressants in the forced-swimming test, involvement of dopaminergic and opioid systems.

1. It has been shown that thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) can potentiate the effects of the antidepressant, imipramine, as measured by the mouse forced-swimming test. This potentiation is not associated with an increase of effective levels of noradrenaline in the synaptic clefts, but depends upon the integrity of opioid systems.

Predominant cytosolic distribution of serotonin in rat pineal gland in contrast to biogenic monoamine localization in midbrain and adrenal gland.

The subcellular distribution of serotonin and norepinephrine in the rat pineal gland was studied by tissue fractionation and compared with that of biogenic monoamines in the adrenal gland and midbrain. Homogenized tissues were fractionated by ultracentrifugation or by filtration through cellulose ester membranes. Most of the epinephrine (70-80%) and norepinephrine (62-82%) present in the adrenal glands was detected in the particulate fraction.

Changes in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neuron activity during the rat estrous cycle in relation to the prolactin surge: alteration by a mammary carcinogen.

An attempt was made to correlate the physiological or the dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-enhanced serum prolactin (PRL) surge, which occurs in the afternoon of proestrus in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, with physiological or pathological changes in two biochemical estimates of the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neuron activity. Dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity were measured in the median eminence (ME) of control or DMBA-pretreated SD rats throughout the estrous cycle in relation to PRL secretion. In both groups of females, while the DA content was fairly constant, the DOPAC content and TH activity in the ME fluctuated markedly throughout the estrous cycle.

Antinociceptive activity of TRH metabolites in the mouse.

The antinociceptive action of the 2 main metabolites of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline (TRH-OH) and histidyl-proline-diketopiperazine or cyclo(His-Pro), were studied using mechanical (Haffner's test) and chemical (phenyl-p-benzoquinone writhing test) stimuli. TRH has previously been shown to be active against both these stimuli. TRH-OH showed an antinociceptive action against both stimuli, while cyclo(His-Pro) had a dose-dependent effect only against a mechanical stimulus.

Neuroleptic-induced hypothermia in mice: lack of evidence for a central mechanism.

The present study investigated the ability of neuroleptic drugs to induce hypothermia in mice when they were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.

TRH-induced antinociception: interaction with the opioid systems?

Mice were chronically treated with morphine or ethylketocyclazocine in order to induce a marked tolerance to their antinociceptive effect in the phenyl-p-benzoquinone writhing test. TRH (2 mg kg-1 i.p.

The regionalization of [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine binding sites in the mouse brain and its relationship to the distribution of monoamines and their metabolites.

[3H]Dihydrotetrabenazine binding was measured in 8 areas of the mouse brain. In all areas, binding occurred on a homogeneous class of sites (Kd approximately equal to 2.6 nM).

Effects of pGlu-His-Pro-amphetamine (TRH-amphetamine) on the isolated duodenum of the guinea-pig: antagonistic effect of amphetamine on TRH response.

pGlu-His-Pro-dexamphetamine (TRH-A) produced a contraction through the release of acetylcholine from postganglionic cholinergic neurons in the duodenum of the guinea-pig in the same manner as TRH. However, the affinity of TRH-A (pD2, 4.70) toward isolated duodenum was one thousandth that of TRH (pD2, 7.

Potentiation by TRH of the effect of imipramine on the forced-swimming test.

Discovery of the potentiation of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)-induced hyperthermia in mice by antidepressants which activate alpha-adrenergic systems instigated investigation of other relations between TRH and antidepressants. For this study the forced-swimming test using mice was chosen since this test is more sensitive for selection of antidepressants which modify catecholaminergic systems than for those affecting 5-hydroxytryptaminergic systems. The effects of imipramine were potentiated by TRH.

Iodoamphetamine as a new tracer for local cerebral blood flow in the rat: comparison with isopropyliodoamphetamine.

Rats were injected with iodoamphetamine synthesized and labeled with 125I or with 125I- isopropyliodoamphetamine , a molecule of established value for the determination of local cerebral blood flow. The blood kinetics, tissue distribution, and brain uptake index for each tracer exhibited practically no differences. Autoradiographic quantification of the local cerebral blood flow, calculated according to the microsphere model, produced identical results for both molecules.

Thyrotropin releasing hormone-induced hyperthermia in mice: possible involvement of adrenal and pituitary glands.

To investigate the hyperthermic effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and its potentiation by exogenous catecholamines (CA), the role of the adrenal medulla and of the pituitary gland was studied in unoperated, adrenal-demedullated or hypophysectomized mice. In unoperated mice, TRH 40 mg kg-1 i.p.

Antinociceptive properties of thyrotropin releasing hormone in mice: comparison with morphine.

1 To investigate the antinociceptive activity of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in mice, different nociceptive stimuli were used. TRH (i.p.

Enzymatic cleavage of pyroglutamyl-histidyl-dopamine, a TRH-related pseudo-peptide by porcine serum and brain hoimogenate.

The Pseudo-peptide (pGlu-His-Dopamine) was subjected to enzymatic degradation by porcine serum and brain homogenate. The digests were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC to provide evidence for liberation of pyroglutamic acid and dopamine in serum and of pyroglutamic acid in brain. The yield of liberation of pGlu is about 3% in serum digests and about 0.

Implantation of an intracerebral cannula in the mouse.

A technique for implanting a permanent stainless steel cannula into the lateral ventricles of mice is described. The model is of particular interest because it permits study of the behavioral effects of acute or repeated administrations of substances in the brains of conscious mice. The method can be used for injection into parenchymal structures.