The use of portable A-mode ultrasound in appendicular lean mass measurements among older adults: a comparison study with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and handgrip strength.

Background/objectives: Strength and muscle mass are key factors for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. The EWGSOP2 recommended using ultrasound (US) as a reliable device to measure muscle mass (MM), but A-mode US still needs to be validated for older adults. This study aimed to evaluate the association between measurements of muscle thickness (MT) by portable A-mode US and, muscle quantity by Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in older adults.

Skinfold calipers: which instrument to use?

The considerable amount of original and generic types of skinfold calipers available is a source of systematic measurement error. This study is a brief report that critically examines the original and illustrated structural configuration of the three main types of skinfold calipers. For more than half a century, the Harpenden®, Lange® and Slim Guide® skinfolds calipers have been widely used in clinical and research settings.

Thermography as an aid for the complementary diagnosis of nodules in the thyroid gland.

Background: Considering the estimate that thyroid cancer will become the fourth most prevalent type of tumor, improving its diagnosis is a necessity. The gold standard for evaluating thyroid nodules is ultrasound followed by biopsy. These tests, however, have limitations, especially in nodules smaller than 0.

Thermal Evaluation to Identify Nodules Using Semivariogram Curves.

Thermography can contribute to the early diagnosis of tumors by identifying nodules that need to be analyzed. The objective of this paper was to verify possible semivariogram curves to identify the possible spatial behavior centered in the region with the nodule and capture the thermal behavioral information surroundings of this point. For this, we used the resources of R-Studio and theoretical basis in semivariogram models.

Stabilometric Analysis of Parkinson's Disease Patients.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered a movement disease; it is a progressive and degenerative neurological disorder, causing disabling motor dysfunctions. Investigate the body instability of PD patients through the stabilometry test is the aim of this study. A sample of 40 participants with PD were staged between the stages of the disease using Hoehn and Yahr Modified Scale 1.

Thermography for the detection of Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon by means of the Distal-Dorsal Distance.

Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a disease characterized by a transient ischemic process, in an exaggerated vascular response to cold or emotional stress. Thermography is a resource applied to support diagnosis of changes in the circulatory system. The aim of the study was to use the DistalDorsal Thermography Difference (DDD) in thermographic images to assess thermal behavior in individuals with secondary RP.

Validity and accuracy of body fat prediction equations using anthropometrics measurements in adolescents.

Background: The pediatric relative fat mass (RFM) has been recently presented and validated as an index for estimating percentage body fat (%BF) in North American children and adolescents. Similar to body mass index (BMI) and tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), RFM uses anthropometric measures (i.e.

Lean mass reference curves in adolescents using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

The body composition phenotype of low lean mass (LM) has been associated with metabolic disorders and impaired physical functioning in the pediatric population. Abnormalities in body composition may be identified using reference curves; however, no reference data on LM is available for Brazilian adolescents. The purpose of this study was to present reference data, including percentile curves, of whole body LM, lean mass index (LMI), appendicular lean mass (ALM), and fat mass for Southern Brazilian adolescents.

Attentional bias for emotional faces in depressed and non-depressed individuals: an eye-tracking study.

Current assessment tools for clinicians in mental health evaluation relies mostly on patient self-report and clinician's judgement. Recent studies suggest that affective disorders are correlated to attentional bias for visual information. This study used eye-tracking technology to measure attentional bias for faces in depressed and non-depressed individuals.

Comparison between thermal recovery in women with Raynaud's Phenomenon and not diagnosed women using thermography.

Thermography detects the infrared radiation emanated from bodies and transduces it in electrical analog signal. It has application as a complementary exam in several medical segments, including the reheating study to detect diseases like Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP). In this way, the aim of this study is to compare the heating behavior of the RP women and not diagnosed (ND) women for selection of diagnosis criteria.

Prevalence of excessive body fat among adolescents of a south Brazilian metropolitan region and State capital, associated risk factors, and consequences.

Background: The prevalence of overweight/obesity has become a major concern for public health in developing countries. Risk factors need to be well documented so that these countries develop public policies to fight the problem. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of excess fat among adolescents of a South Brazilian State Capital associated with risk factors and their consequences.

Body composition and prediction equations using skinfold thickness for body fat percentage in Southern Brazilian adolescents.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to: a) determine the nutritional status of Brazilian adolescents, and; b) present a skinfold thickness model (ST) to estimate body fat developed with Brazilian samples, using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference method.

Methods: The main study group was composed of 374 adolescents, and further 42 adolescents for the validation group. Weight, height, waist circumference measurements, and body mass index (BMI) were collected, as well as nine ST-biceps (BI), triceps (TR), chest (CH), axillary (AX) subscapularis (SB), abdominal (AB), suprailiac (SI), medial thigh (TH), calf (CF), and fat percentage (%BF) obtained by DXA.

Portable A-Mode Ultrasound for Body Composition Assessment in Adolescents.

Objectives: Ultrasound (US) imaging is a low-cost, highly feasible alternative method for monitoring the nutritional status of a population; however, only a few studies have tested the body composition agreement between US and reference standard methods, especially in adolescents. The purposes of this study were to assess the agreement of portable US with a reference standard method, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), for body fat percentage (BF%) in adolescents and to verify whether the use of a new mathematical model, based on the anatomic thickness obtained by US, is capable of improving BF% prediction.

Methods: This research was a descriptive study.

Obesity Impact Evaluated from Fat Percentage in Bone Mineral Density of Male Adolescents.

Objective: To analyze bone mineral density (BMD) values in adolescents and to assess obesity impact, measured through body fat #x2013;on this variable through the assessment by DEXA.

Methodology: A total of 318 males adolescents (12-17 years) were evaluated considering weight, height, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), fat and lean mass. BMD was assessed for the arms, legs, hips, and lumbar regions, as well as for total amount.

Portable A-Mode Ultrasound for Body Composition Assessment in Adolescents.

Objectives: Ultrasound (US) imaging is a low-cost, highly feasible alternative method for monitoring the nutritional status of a population; however, only a few studies have tested the body composition agreement between US and reference standard methods, especially in adolescents. The purposes of this study were to assess the agreement of portable US with a reference standard method, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), for body fat percentage (BF%) in adolescents and to verify whether the use of a new mathematical model, based on the anatomic thickness obtained by US, is capable of improving BF% prediction.

Methods: This research was a descriptive study.

Application of a photogrammetric kinematic model for prediction of lung volumes in adolescents: a pilot study.

Background: There are several ways to measure the respiratory system, among them inductance plethysmography and three-dimensional kinematic analysis, methods of high cost and difficult transportability. The objective of this study was to correlate respiratory volumes obtained by spirometry standard equipment with a biomechanical model photogrammetric analysis of adolescents.

Methods: We evaluated 50 subjects of both genders, aged between 14 and 17 years old, excluding those with respiratory obstruction or restriction.

Biophotogrammetry model of respiratory motion analysis applied to children.

This study aimed to test a protocol of measurements based on Biophotogrammetry to Analysis of Respiratory Mechanics (BARM) in healthy children. Seventeen normal spirometric children (six male and 11 female) were tested. Their performed maneuvers of forced inspiratory vital capacity were recorded in the supine position.

Comparison between body fat measurements obtained by portable ultrasound and caliper in young adults.

The objective of this study was to compare and correlate the Portable Ultra Sound (US) measuring technique to the skinfold measuring technique (SF) to estimate body fat percentage (%F) in young adults. Sixty military were evaluated, all males, divided in two groups: Group 1 (normal) composed by 30 military with Body Mass Index (BMI) until 24.99 kg/m(2) and Group 2 (overweight) composed by 30 military with BMI > 25 kg/m(2).