Clinical Management of Hospitalized Patients With High-Consequence Infectious Diseases in England.

Infectious disease physicians in England have been diagnosing and managing occasional cases of viral hemorrhagic fever since 1971, including the United Kingdom's first case of Ebola virus disease in 1976. Specialist isolation facilities to provide safe and effective care have been present since that time. Following the emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and the avian influenza A (H7N9) outbreak in 2013, and the 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa, clinical and public health preparedness and response pathways in England have been strengthened for these types of diseases, now called high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs).

Heart and shoal: Social cues and oxytocin receptors impact stress recovery in the zebrafish.

In many species, social interactions decrease behavioral, hormonal, and neural responses to environmental stressors. While "social buffering" and its mechanisms have received considerable attention in mammals, we know less about the phenomenon in fish. The nonapeptide oxytocin regulates social behavior across vertebrates and plays an important role in social buffering in mammals.

Women's fertility decision-making with a diagnosis of breast cancer: A qualitative evidence synthesis.

Aim: To synthesize qualitative evidence of premenopausal women's experiences of fertility decision-making with a diagnosis of breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is increasingly more common in premenopausal women who may have not yet considered starting a family or have completed their families.

Design: Qualitative evidence synthesis guided by Thomas and Harden's three-stage approach to thematic analysis.

Aetiology of acute respiratory infection in preschool children requiring hospitalisation in Europe-results from the PED-MERMAIDS multicentre case-control study.

Background: Both pathogenic bacteria and viruses are frequently detected in the nasopharynx (NP) of children in the absence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms. The aim of this study was to estimate the aetiological fractions for ARI hospitalisation in children for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus and to determine whether detection of specific respiratory pathogens on NP samples was associated with ARI hospitalisation.

Methods: 349 children up to 5 years of age hospitalised for ARI (following a symptom-based case definition) and 306 hospital controls were prospectively enrolled in 16 centres across seven European Union countries between 2016 and 2019.

Collicular circuits for flexible sensorimotor routing.

Context-based sensorimotor routing is a hallmark of executive control. Pharmacological inactivations in rats have implicated the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) in this process. But what specific role is this, and what circuit mechanisms support it? Here we report a subset of rat SC neurons that instantiate a specific link between the representations of context and motor choice.

Successful Management of a COVID-19 Positive Infant With Transposition of the Great Arteries.

A six-week-old infant presented in extremis and was diagnosed with dextro-transposition of the great arteries, intact ventricular septum, features of left ventricular deconditioning, and abnormal coronary arteries. Treatment with prostaglandin E1 and balloon atrial septostomy was insufficient, necessitating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 was detected.

Epidemiology of lung cancer among acrylonitrile-exposed study populations: A meta-analysis.

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of lung cancer among acrylonitrile-exposed workers.

Methods: A literature search through April 2020 was performed to identify relevant cohort and case-control studies. Data from these studies were meta-analyzed to generate summary relative risk estimates (SRREs).

SARS-CoV-2 testing and infection control strategies in European paediatric emergency departments during the first wave of the pandemic.

Between February and May 2020, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, paediatric emergency departments in 12 European countries were prospectively surveyed on their implementation of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) testing and infection control strategies. All participating departments (23) implemented standardised case definitions, testing guidelines, early triage and infection control strategies early in the outbreak. Patient testing criteria initially focused on suspect cases and later began to include screening, mainly for hospital admissions.

Treatment and Outcomes of Children With Febrile Urinary Tract Infection Due to Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Bacteria in Europe: TOO CUTE Study.

Background: The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Εnterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) is increasing globally. ESBL-PE are an important cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. We aimed to characterize the clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes of childhood UTI caused by ESBL-PE in Europe.

Chronic Lung Disease in Patients With Perinatally Acquired HIV in England: A Retrospective Case-Note Review.

Chronic lung disease (CLD) is common in individuals living with perinatally acquired HIV (PA-HIV) in southern/eastern Africa. Most of the UK PA-HIV population are African. We conducted a case-note review of CLD in 3 UK PA-HIV cohorts (n = 98).

Pilot study evaluating inhalation and dermal glyphosate exposure resulting from simulated heavy residential consumer application of Roundup.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the individual contributions of inhalation and dermal exposures to urinary glyphosate levels following the heavy residential consumer application of a glyphosate-containing herbicide.

Methods: A pilot study was conducted in which each participant mixed and continuously spray-applied 16.3 gallons of a 0.

Seizures and quinolone antibiotics in children: a systematic review of adverse events.

Background: Quinolone antibiotics have a broad spectrum of activity including against Gram-negative organisms (especially ), but their use has been associated with the development of seizures. Our objective was to evaluate the association between the administration of quinolones and seizures for three groups of children: those with epilepsy; those with other CNS disorders; and those without any CNS disorder.

Method: We conducted a systematic review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases.

The cascade of care for children and adolescents with HIV in the UK and Ireland, 2010 to 2016.

Introduction: The UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets for the cascade of care are widely used to monitor the success of HIV care programmes but there are few studies in children. We assessed the cascade for children and adolescents living with HIV in the national Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study (CHIPS) in the UK and Ireland.

Methods: Utilizing longitudinal data from CHIPS we compared the cascade of care for 2010, 2013 and 2016.

Social Context and Sex Moderate the Association Between Type D Personality and Cardiovascular Reactivity.

Type D personality has been consistently associated with adverse cardiovascular health with atypical cardiovascular reactions to psychological stress one plausible underlying mechanism. However, whether this varies by sex and social context has received little attention. This study examined the interaction between Type D personality, sex and social context on cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress.

Risk of invasive bacterial infections by week of age in infants: prospective national surveillance, England, 2010-2017.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of laboratory-confirmed, invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) by week of age in infants over a 7-year period.

Design: Analysis of prospective national surveillance data for England.

Setting: National Health Service hospitals in England.

Ethylene oxide and risk of lympho-hematopoietic cancer and breast cancer: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies of lympho-hematopoietic cancers (LHC) and breast cancer risk among persons occupationally exposed to ethylene oxide (EO).

Methods: We performed a literature search for articles available in PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify literature and subsequently systematically searched the reference lists of identified studies, published review papers and meta-analyses, as well as relevant government or regulatory documents. We qualitatively reviewed 30 studies and conducted meta-analyses on 13 studies.