Maize consumption and circulating aflatoxin levels in Mexican middle- and older-aged adults: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Maize is frequently contaminated by aflatoxin B (AFB), an established liver carcinogen.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of maize and maize tortilla consumption on AFB-lysine adduct (AFB-lys) concentrations in middle- and older-aged adults living in south and eastern Mexico.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in a representative sample of 915 adults aged ≥40 y living in south and eastern Mexico in 2018-2019.

Fine particulate matter and intima media thickness: Role of endothelial function biomarkers.

Background: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis disease. We aimed to assess whether nitric oxide stable metabolites (NOx) and l-arginine mediate the association between PM and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) increase.

Methods: We selected 251 participants from the control group of GEA (Genetics of Atheroslerosis Disease Mexican) study (2008-2013) in Mexico City.

Two Decades of Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment: Insights From the Use of WHO's AirQ and AirQ+ Tools.

Objectives: We evaluated studies that used the World Health Organization's (WHO) AirQ and AirQ+ tools for air pollution (AP) health risk assessment (HRA) and provided best practice suggestions for future assessments.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of studies using WHO's AirQ and AirQ+ tools, searching several databases for relevant articles, reports, and theses from inception to Dec 31, 2022.

Results: We identified 286 studies that met our criteria.

Health and Economic Benefits of Complying With the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines for Particulate Matter in Nine Major Latin American Cities.

Objectives: This study aims to estimate the short-term preventable mortality and associated economic costs of complying with the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines (AQGs) limit values for PM and PM in nine major Latin American cities.

Methods: We estimated city-specific PM-mortality associations using time-series regression models and calculated the attributable mortality fraction. Next, we used the value of statistical life to calculate the economic benefits of complying with the WHO AQGs limit values.

A comparative analysis of regional infection risk due to wastewater recontamination in the Mezquital Valley, Mexico.

Urban wastewater reuse for agriculture provides reliable nutrient-rich water, reduces water stress, and strengthens food systems. However, wastewater reuse also presents health risks and characterizing the spatial dynamics of wastewater can help optimize risk mitigation. We conducted comparative risk analysis of exposure to wastewater in irrigation canals, where we compared those exposed to a) treated vs.

Short-term exposure to PM and 1.5 million deaths: a time-stratified case-crossover analysis in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area.

Background: Satellite-based PM predictions are being used to advance exposure science and air-pollution epidemiology in developed countries; including emerging evidence about the impacts of PM on acute health outcomes beyond the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and the potential modifying effects from individual-level factors in these associations. Research on these topics is lacking in low and middle income countries. We aimed to explore the association between short-term exposure to PM with broad-category and cause-specific mortality outcomes in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), and potential effect modification by age, sex, and SES characteristics in such associations.

Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and carotid intima media thickness at bilateral, left and right in adults from Mexico City: Results from GEA study.

Background: PM exposure has been associated with intima-media thickness (cIMT) increase. However, very few studies distinguished between left and right cIMT in relation to PM exposure.

Aim: To evaluate associations between chronic exposure to PM and cIMT at bilateral, left, and right in adults from Mexico City.

Lead Exposure Can Affect Early Childhood Development and Could Be Aggravated by Stunted Growth: Perspectives from Mexico.

Background: Lead can affect early childhood development (ECD) differentially due to nutritional deficiencies that lead to stunted growth, defined as being at least two standard deviations below the average height-for-age. These deficiencies are more frequent among children living in rural locations or with lower socioeconomic status (SES); however, studies at a population level are scarce worldwide. Early childhood development plays a crucial role in influencing a child's health and wellbeing throughout life.

Daily exposure to PM and 1.5 million deaths: A time-stratified case-crossover analysis in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area.

Background: Satellite-based PM predictions are being used to advance exposure science and air-pollution epidemiology in developed countries; including emerging evidence about the impacts of PM on acute health outcomes beyond the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and the potential modifying effects from individual-level factors in these associations. Research on these topics is lacking in Latin America.

Methods: We used a time-stratified case-crossover study design with 1,479,950 non-accidental deaths from Mexico City Metropolitan Area for the period of 2004-2019.

Prenatal Co-Exposure to Manganese, Mercury, and Lead, and Neurodevelopment in Children during the First Year of Life.

Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and manganese (Mn) are neurotoxic, but little is known about the neurodevelopmental effects associated with simultaneous prenatal exposure to these metals. We aimed to study the associations of Pb, Hg, and Mn prenatal levels (jointly and separately) with neurodevelopment in the first year of life. Methods: Pb, Hg, and Mn blood lead levels were measured in 253 pregnant women.

A Call for Biomonitoring Systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: Considerations for Potentially Toxic Metals/Metalloids.

The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region makes up 8.4% of the world's population. Human biomonitoring (HBM) programs, which can shed light on population-level exposure to environmental contaminants such as toxic metals and thus, improve the health of the populations are inexistent in LAC countries.

Prediction of daily mean and one-hour maximum PM concentrations and applications in Central Mexico using satellite-based machine-learning models.

Background: Machine-learning algorithms are becoming popular techniques to predict ambient air PM concentrations at high spatial resolutions (1 × 1 km) using satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD). Most machine-learning models have aimed to predict 24 h-averaged PM concentrations (mean PM) in high-income regions. Over Mexico, none have been developed to predict subdaily peak levels, such as the maximum daily 1-h concentration (max PM).

Neurocognitive function in adult residents of a mining district in Mexico after reducing manganese exposure: Follow-up after 11 years.

Background: Little is known about the neurotoxic effects of chronic exposure to airborne Mn once exposure has been reduced. The environmentally exposed and the reference adult populations evaluated in 2002 were followed, after an environmental management program (EMP) was implemented to reduce the exposure in a mining district in Mexico.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the association between exposure to Mn and neurocognitive performance in environmentally exposed and reference groups of adults before and after EMP implementation.

[Association between Covid-19 mortality and atmospheric pollution in Mexican cities].

Objective. To analyze the relationship between chronic exposures to air pollution with Covid-19 death rate in Mexican cities. Materials and methods.

Short term exposure to ambient air pollutants and cardiovascular emergency department visits in Mexico city.

Available data on the acute cardiovascular effect of ambient air pollution (AAP) in Latin America is limited considering that over 80% of its 1 billion inhabitants live in urban settlements with poor air quality. The study aim was to evaluate the association between Cardiovascular Emergency Department Visits (CEDVs) and AAP in Mexico City from 2016 to 2019 using generalized additive models with distributed lags to examine the percentage change of CEDVs and a backward approach of time-series model to calculate attributable fractions. A total of 48,891 CEDVs were recorded in a period of 1019 days.

Air pollution exposure and incidence of type 2 diabetes in women: A prospective analysis from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort.

Background: Air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, scarse longitudinal studies have evaluated this association in low- and middle-income countries, where 80% of the worldwide cases of T2D occur.

Objective: Our aim was to estimate the association between PM and NO exposure and incident T2D, in the Mexican Teachers' Cohort (MTC).

Health and Economic Impacts Assessment of O Exposure in Mexico.

Health effects related to exposure to air pollution such as ozone (O) have been documented. The World Health Organization has recommended the use of the Sum of O Means Over 35 ppb (SOMO35) to perform Health Impact Assessments (HIA) for long-term exposure to O. We estimated the avoidable mortality associated with long-term exposure to tropospheric O in 14 cities in Mexico using information for 2015.

Climate Trends and Consumption of Foods and Beverages by Processing Level in Mexican Cities.

Little is known about the potential impact of climate change on food systems and diet. We aimed to estimate the association of changes in rainfall and temperatures with consumption of unprocessed and processed foods among residents of Mexican cities by climate region. We analyzed 3,312 participants of the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey with dietary intake and sociodemographic information linked to historical rainfall and temperature data collected by the Mexican National Weather Service.

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Objetivo. Analizar la asociación entre la exposición crónica a contaminantes atmosféricos y la tasa de mortalidad por Covid-19 en ciudades mexicanas. Material y métodos.

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Objetivo. Resumir y analizar la evidencia de la asociación entre Covid-19 y factores climáticos. Material y métodos.

Environmental and occupational exposure to metals (manganese, mercury, iron) and Parkinson's disease in low and middle-income countries: a narrative review.

Objectives: We designed and conducted a narrative review consistent with the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018099498) to evaluate the association between environmental metals (manganese, mercury, iron) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) in low and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Methods: Data sources: A total of 19 databases were screened, and 2,048 references were gathered. Study selection: Randomized controlled trials, cluster trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, nested case-control studies, ecological studies, cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports carried out in human adults of LMIC, in which the association between at least one of these three metals and the primary outcome were reported.

Exposure to PM and Obesity Prevalence in the Greater Mexico City Area.

Exposure to PM has been associated with the prevalence of obesity. In the Greater Mexico City Area (GMCA), both are ranked among the highest in the world. Our aim was to analyze this association in children, adolescents, and adults in the GMCA.

Prenatal PM exposure and neurodevelopment at 2 years of age in a birth cohort from Mexico city.

Background: Recent studies have reported that air pollution exposure may have neurotoxic properties.

Objective: To examine longitudinal associations between prenatal particles less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM) exposure and neurodevelopment during the first two years of children's life.

Household water quality in areas irrigated with wastewater in the Mezquital Valley, Mexico.

Wastewater for irrigation in low- and middle-income countries can recharge aquifers and potentially contaminate supply sources. The infiltration rate has increased 13-fold in Mexico's Mezquital Valley, the largest agricultural area wastewater-irrigated worldwide, thus we assume that wastewater had contaminated supply sources. Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) counts were enumerated in household water of two wastewater-irrigated areas, Tula and Tlahuelilpan, and a groundwater irrigated area, Tecozautla.

Impact of an intervention for reducing waste through educational strategy: A Mexican case study, what works, and why?

Generation and inadequate management of solid waste constitute a global challenge. Projections for 2050 portend an annual increase of 3.40 billion tons of waste.