Glucose-lowering Drugs and Hospitalization for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Additive-effects Network Meta-analysis With More Than 500 000 Patient-years.

Background: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) prevent hospitalization resulting from heart failure (HHF). However, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus use multiple antihyperglycemic drugs to achieve glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) targets. In these drug combinations, the risk of HHF is unpredictable and so is the parallel effect of glucose-lowering.

Dapagliflozin increases the lean-to total mass ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

We compared the effect of dapagliflozin versus glibenclamide on the ratio of lean-to total mass in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, carotid subclinical atherosclerosis, HbA1c 7.0-9.0% and 40-70 years-old.

Effect of pioglitazone treatment on brown adipose tissue volume and activity and hypothalamic gliosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a proof-of-concept study.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on brown adipose tissue function and hypothalamic gliosis in humans. Brown adipose tissue and the hypothalamus are regarded as important potential pharmacological targets to metabolic diseases, and defining the impact of current therapies on their structure and/or function could provide therapeutic advance in this field.

Methods: Six patients with type 2 diabetes were treated for 24 weeks with pioglitazone 30 mg/day as an add-on therapy.

Central role of obesity in endothelial cell dysfunction and cardiovascular risk.

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality in the contemporary world. The critical role of the endothelial cells (EC) in vascular homeostasis, the metabolic changes that take place when the cell is activated, and the elements involved in these processes have been widely explored over the past years. Obesity and its impact, promoting a rise in blood levels of free fatty acids (FAs) are often associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality.

Adiponectin concentration data improve the estimation of atherosclerotic risk in normal and in overweight subjects.

Background: The combinations of adipokines and body mass parameters to estimate carotid atherosclerotic disease have not been completely delineated.

Objective: To test the combinations of well-established, easily accessible body mass indices and circulating biomarkers to identify increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in a primary prevention setting.

Design And Patients: In a cross-sectional analysis of 339 asymptomatic individuals with no history of cardiovascular events, inflammatory and insulin sensitivity biomarkers as well as adipokine levels were measured and combined with body mass parameters to evaluate the best marker for increased cIMT.

Glycosylated hemoglobin is associated with decreased endothelial function, high inflammatory response, and adverse clinical outcome in non-diabetic STEMI patients.

Objective: Chronic dysglycemia was recently identified as a predictor for adverse outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Data for non-diabetic patients who underwent thrombolysis is scarce. In this context, we aimed to study the effect of HbA1c on cardiovascular outcome after STEMI.

Validation of surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity in acute phase of myocardial infarction based on euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp.

The decrease in insulin sensitivity (IS) during myocardial infarction (MI) is recognized as a possible contributor to poor patient outcomes. Despite its potential relevance, a standardized and convenient IS assessment tool has yet to be established for said clinical scenarios. This study aimed to validate the accuracy of surrogate indexes in determining IS in acute MI patients by comparison with the gold standard reference method for measuring IS, the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC).

High-density lipoprotein levels are strongly associated with the recovery rate of insulin sensitivity during the acute phase of myocardial infarction: a study by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp.

Background: The decrease of insulin sensitivity (IS) during myocardial infarction (MI) is strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Recent data suggest that in individuals under stable conditions, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may improve IS. To date, the role of HDL in the modulation of IS in acute metabolic stress conditions such as MI remains unknown.

High plasma HDL-C attenuates stress hyperglycemia during acute phase of myocardial infarction.

Objective: During myocardial infarction (MI), a transient decrease of both insulin sensitivity and secretion triggers stress hyperglycemia, which is followed by a substantial increase in mortality. Recent findings in cellular models indicate that HDL may act on glucose homeostasis by improving insulin sensitivity and secretion. In this study, we explored this potential effect in patients during the acute phase of MI.

Rebound inflammatory response during the acute phase of myocardial infarction after simvastatin withdrawal.

Objective: The present study aimed to verify the existence of a rebound inflammatory effect after statin withdrawal in the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: In a prospective observational cohort, changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) between the first and the fifth day after MI were evaluated in 249 consecutive patients who were using statins prior to and during MI (SS), statins prior to but not during MI (SN), no statin prior to but during MI (NS), and no statin prior to nor during MI (NN). Data are presented as median (interquartile range).