Effective Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Canola Plants Through Application of Exogenous Hairpin RNA of Multiple Genes.

Sclerotinia stem rot is a globally destructive plant disease caused by . Current management of Sclerotinia stem rot primarily relies on chemical fungicides and crop rotation, raising environmental concerns. In this study, we developed an eco-friendly RNA bio-fungicide targeting .

First Report of Verticillium stripe of Canola Caused by in North Dakota.

North Dakota leads the U.S.A.

First Report of Leaf Spot of Sugar Beet Caused by in Minnesota, USA.

In July 2021, sugar beet ( L.) leaves with numerous tan to brown spots with white-bleached center and oval to irregularly shaped were collected from a field in Minnesota (MN) (46.2774° N, 96.

Resistance to QoI and DMI Fungicides Does Not Reduce Virulence of Isolates in North Central United States.

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is a destructive disease limiting sugar beet production and is managed using resistant cultivars, crop rotation, and timely applications of effective fungicides. Since 2016, its causal agent, , has been reported to be resistant to quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) and to have reduced sensitive to demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) in sugar beet growing areas in North Dakota and Minnesota. Isolates of resistant to QoIs, DMIs, and both QoIs and DMIs were collected from fields in Foxhome, Minnesota, in 2017.

Genetic mapping and genomic prediction of sclerotinia stem rot resistance to rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus L.) at seedling stage.

GWAS detected ninety-eight significant SNPs associated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance. Six statistical models resulted in medium to high predictive ability, depending on trait, indicating potential of genomic prediction for disease resistance breeding. The lack of complete host resistance and a complex resistance inheritance nature between rapeseed/canola and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum often limits the development of functional molecular markers that enable breeding for sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) resistance.

Modeling risk of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-induced disease development on canola and dry bean using machine learning algorithms.

Diseases caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are managed mainly through fungicide applications in canola and dry bean. Accurate estimation of the risk of disease development on these crops could help farmers make spraying decisions. Five machine learning (ML) models were evaluated in classification and regression modes for predicting disease establishment under different air temperatures and leaf wetness duration conditions.

Genome-wide association mapping and genomic prediction for adult stage sclerotinia stem rot resistance in Brassica napus (L) under field environments.

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is a fungal disease of rapeseed/canola that causes significant seed yield losses and reduces its oil content and quality. In the present study, the reaction of 187 diverse canola genotypes to SSR was characterized at full flowering stage using the agar plug to stem inoculation method in four environments. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using three different algorithms identified 133 significant SNPs corresponding with 123 loci for disease traits like stem lesion length (LL), lesion width (LW), and plant mortality at 14 (PM_14D) and 21 (PM_21D) days.

(PSbMV) Risk Analysis of Field Pea Based on Susceptibility, Yield Loss, and Seed Transmission.

(PSbMV), a nonpersistently aphid-transmitted potyvirus, has been reported in field pea ( L.)-growing regions worldwide. In 2014, PSbMV was first identified in field peas in North Dakota, U.

Effect of Wetness Duration and Incubation Temperature on Development of Ascosporic Infections by .

The impact of wetness duration and incubation temperatures on ascospore germination and ascosporic infection efficiency were evaluated. Ascospore germination was optimal when incubated in continuous moisture (free water) at 21°C. Significantly lower germination was observed at 10 or 30°C.

Transcriptome analysis of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum interaction with resistant and susceptible canola (Brassica napus) lines.

Sclerotinia stem rot is an economically important disease of canola (Brassica napus) and is caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This study evaluated the differential gene expression patterns of S. sclerotiorum during disease development on two canola lines differing in susceptibility to this pathogen.

Spatiotemporal Spread of Cacao Swollen Shoot Virus Severe Strain 1A in Mixed Hybrid Cacao Pre-inoculated With Mild Strain N1.

The spatiotemporal spread of cocoa swollen shoot virus disease (CSSVD), which is caused by cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) severe strain 1A in mixed hybrid cacao pre-inoculated with CSSV mild strain N1 (CSSV-N1), was investigated during a field experiment from 2006 to 2017, at the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana. The development of disease epidemics has been described by the use of statistical modeling. Protecting all cacao plants with CSSV-N1 reduced the rate of CSSV-1A symptom appearance by 43% ( = 0.

Spatial Distribution of Soybean Cyst Nematode in Research Plots.

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Ichinohe) is a major pathogen of soybean [ (L.) Merr.] in the United States.

Probability Models Based on Soil Properties for Predicting Presence-Absence of Pythium in Soybean Roots.

Associations between soil properties and Pythium groups on soybean roots were investigated in 83 commercial soybean fields in North Dakota. A data set containing 2877 isolates of Pythium which included 26 known spp. and 1 unknown spp.

First Report of Clubroot on Canola Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae in North Dakota.

North Dakota leads the United States in canola (Brassica napus L.) production (4). A canola field with a distinct patch of dead plants spreading over an area of approximately 0.

First Report of 16SrII-D Phytoplasma 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia' Associated with Mung Bean Phyllody in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is an important edible legume grown in Asia, particularly in the Indian subcontinent, where it is used for human and animal consumption.

Inferring outcrossing in the homothallic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using linkage disequilibrium decay.

The occurrence and frequency of outcrossing in homothallic fungal species in nature is an unresolved question. Here we report detection of frequent outcrossing in the homothallic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In using multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) to infer recombination among microsatellite alleles, high mutation rates confound the estimates of recombination.

Prevalence of Blackleg and Pathogenicity Groups of Leptosphaeria maculans in North Dakota.

Blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, was first reported on canola (Brassica napus) in North Dakota in 1991. In 2003, L. maculans strains of previously unreported pathogenicity groups (PG) were discovered in the region.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum populations infecting canola from China and the United States are genetically and phenotypically distinct.

Genetic and phenotypic diversity and population differentiation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates infecting canola from China and the United States were investigated. Genetic diversity was assessed with eight microsatellite markers and mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs). Phenotypic diversity was assessed with sensitivity to three fungicides, production of oxalate and sclerotia, growth rate, and virulence on two canola cultivars.

Efficacy of Variable Tetraconazole Rates Against Cercospora beticola Isolates with Differing In Vitro Sensitivities to DMI Fungicides.

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet is caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola. CLS management practices include the application of the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides tetraconazole, difenoconazole, and prothioconazole. Evaluating resistance to DMIs is a major focus for CLS fungicide resistance management.

Effect of Sclerotial Water Content on Carpogenic Germination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

The relationship between moisture content and carpogenic germination (CG) of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia and the dynamics of sclerotial water imbibition were studied in a controlled environment. The study was conducted using laboratory-produced sclerotia from seven S. sclerotiorum isolates.

Comparative Pathogenicity and Virulence of Fusarium Species on Sugar Beet.

In all, 98 isolates of three Fusarium spp. (18 Fusarium oxysporum, 30 F. graminearum, and 50 Fusarium sp.

First Confirmed Report of Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode, Heterodera schachtii, in North Dakota.

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) are major crops in North Dakota, with sugar beet production primarily in the eastern part of the state in the Red River Valley and canola production across the northern half of the state.

Identification of Leptosphaeria maculans Pathogenicity Group 4 Causing Blackleg on Winter Canola in Oklahoma.

Winter canola (Brassica napus L.) is a relatively new crop to Oklahoma and other southern U.S.

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Races Prevalent on Dry Beans in North Dakota and Potential Sources of Resistance.

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the most important diseases of dry edible beans in the major production areas worldwide. This pathogen is highly variable, with numerous races. Disease management relies heavily on genetic resistance and use of clean seed.