Highly-selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of NO to NH using Cu Embedded WS Monolayer as Single-atom Catalyst: A DFT Study.

Electrocatalytic nitric oxide reduction reaction (NORR) is a promising method for generating NH and eliminating harmful NO pollutants. However, developing a NORR catalyst for NH synthesis with low cost and high efficiency is still challenging. We here report a series of single-atom catalysts (SACs), designed by embedding nine different transition metals from Sc to Cu in S-vacant WS monolayer (TM@WS), and investigate the electrocatalytic performance for NORR process using the dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Potassium-competitive acid blockers: rethinking acid suppression for gastroesophageal reflux disease and .

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and infection are different disease states that are united by the core role of acid suppression in their management. In GERD, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have long been standard therapy based on abundant positive clinical trial data supporting their efficacy and safety. In , PPIs are also a critical element of therapy in combination with 1 or more antibiotics to achieve and maintain a pH that maximizes the efficacy of therapy.

A Linked Electronic Medical Record-Claims Analysis of the Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Patients Coded for Erosive Esophagitis in the United States.

Introduction: Erosive esophagitis (EE) is a severe form of gastroesophageal reflux disease commonly treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The aim of this retrospective, observational cohort study was to describe the characteristics and healthcare burden of patients with EE.

Methods: We identified adults in the USA with an EE diagnosis between January  1, 2016 and February 28, 2019 in a linked dataset containing electronic health records (EHR) from the Veradigm Network EHR and claims data from Komodo Health.

Healthcare costs among patients with newly diagnosed infection in the United States: a linked claims-EHR study.

Aims: The study objectives were to 1) characterize the cost drivers of patients with (HP) and 2) estimate HP-related cost savings following lab-confirmed HP eradication with US guideline-recommended treatment compared to failed eradication.

Methods: We identified adults newly diagnosed with HP between 1/1/2016-12/31/2019 in the Veradigm Electronic Health Record Database linked to claims data (earliest HP diagnosis = index date). For the overall costs analysis, we required patients to have data available for ≥12 months before and after the index date.

Brief communication: global temporal trends in the efficacy of clarithromycin-based regimens for the treatment of infection.

Background: eradication rates achieved with clarithromycin-based triple therapies are declining due to antibiotic resistance, but data regarding temporal changes in efficacy with these eradication therapies are scarce.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of clarithromycin-based triple eradication regimens over time.

Design: A comprehensive literature review and time-trend analysis.

Real-world outcomes associated with vonoprazan-based proton pump inhibitor-based therapy for infection in Japan.

Background: Japanese guidelines recommend triple therapy with vonoprazan or a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in combination with antibiotics to treat () infection. While studies have shown improved eradication rates and reduced costs with vonoprazan PPIs, there is little data describing healthcare resource use (HCRU) and treatment patterns.

Objectives: To compare patients treated with a vonoprazan-based or PPI-based regimen for infection in Japan in terms of their characteristics, HCRU, healthcare costs, clinical outcomes, and treatment patterns.

Diagnosis and treatment patterns among patients with newly diagnosed Helicobacter pylori infection in the United States 2016-2019.

Approximately 36% of the United States (US) population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (HP), a known major risk factor for peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. HP eradication reduces the rate of complications; however, the benefits are undermined by rising rates of HP eradication treatment failure. This real-world observational cohort analysis aims to describe HP diagnostic and treatment patterns among insured patients in the US.

Induction and maintenance of healing in erosive esophagitis in the United States.

Introduction: Erosive esophagitis (EE) occurs when refluxate from the stomach causes T-lymphocyte infiltration of the esophageal mucosa, resulting in mucosal breaks. Currently, therapy with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) is the standard treatment for EE in the United States, but few comprehensive reviews exist on the efficacy of PPIs in US populations. Here, we present the most contemporary, thorough analysis of PPI efficacy rates, and identify and characterize patient subgroups at risk for poor healing outcomes.

Patient journey in erosive oesophagitis: real-world perspectives from US physicians and patients.

Objective: Management of erosive oesophagitis (EE) remains suboptimal, with many patients experiencing incomplete healing, ongoing symptoms, and relapse despite proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. The Study of Acid-Related Disorders investigated patient burden of individuals with EE in a real-world setting.

Design: US gastroenterologists (GIs) or family physicians (FPs)/general practitioners (GPs) treating patients with EE completed a physician survey and enrolled up to four patients with EE for a patient survey, with prespecified data extracted from medical records.

Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker and Proton Pump Inhibitor-Based Regimens for First-Line Eradication: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Effective acid suppression is a crucial component of () eradication regimens. Approved treatments include dual, triple, and quadruple therapies composed of certain antibiotics in combination with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, provides more potent and durable acid suppression than PPIs.

infection treatment in the United States: clinical consequences and costs of eradication treatment failure.

Introduction: (Hp) is causal in benign and malignant gastrointestinal diseases. Accordingly, current guidelines recommend Hp eradication in patients with active infection. Unfortunately, treatment failure is common, exposing patients to complications associated with persistent Hp infection and consequences of repeated treatment, including promotion of antibiotic resistance.

Study of Acid-related Disorders: Real-world Physician and Patient Perspectives on Burden of Infection.

Background And Aims: eradication rates have declined as antibiotic resistance rates have increased. In addition, adherence to treatment guidelines is suboptimal. It is therefore important that contemporary, real-world evidence of diagnostic and treatment patterns is explored and compared with evidence-based guidelines.

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using continuous heparin infusion.

Objectives: Levels of anticoagulation during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) remain controversial. Prolonged activated clotting time (ACT) during OPCAB increases blood loss during surgery and can also cause paradoxical increase in postoperative myocardial infarction. Shorter ACT can increase thrombotic complication.

Nicorandil Infusion During Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Reduces Incidence of Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Insertion.

Objective: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with left ventricular dysfunction has proven to be advantageous. However, it carries risk of emergency conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass. We have successfully used an intra-aortic balloon pump to prevent such conversion.

Off-pump Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting.

Background: The long-term benefit of bilateral internal thoracic grafts (BITA) is well established. BITA grafting is often avoided in diabetic, female, obese, elderly and other high-risk patients because of concerns for deep sternal wound infection. The objective of this study is to analyse early results of our BITA grafting and to establish the safety of BITA use in all patients.