Genome sequences of seven isolates from feedlots in Oklahoma and California.

This report describes the genome sequences of seven isolates recovered from feedlot cattle. These genome sequences will enhance our understanding of evolution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-associated genes they carried over a two-decade span.

Effect of dry period immunization of Salmonella Dublin latent carriers with a commercial live culture vaccine on intrauterine transmission based on the presence of precolostral antibodies in offspring.

Salmonella Dublin latent carrier cows represent a high risk for infection of newborn calves via intrauterine transmission and shedding of bacteria in feces and colostrum at calving. Vaccination of these latent carrier dams during late gestation boosts immunity against Salmonella Dublin. This could reduce the activation of the dormant bacteria during the periparturient immune dysfunction period, thereby reducing the risk of early-life infection in the offspring.

Detection of Leptospira kirschneri in a short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis delphis) stranded off the coast of southern California, USA.

Background: Pathogenic Leptospira species are globally important zoonotic pathogens capable of infecting a wide range of host species. In marine mammals, reports of Leptospira have predominantly been in pinnipeds, with isolated reports of infections in cetaceans.

Case Presentation: On 28 June 2021, a 150.

THREE CASES OF CLINICAL LEPTOSPIROSIS IN PATAGONIAN MARAS ().

Rodents are typically viewed as asymptomatic reservoirs for leptospirosis infection, as clinical disease in rodents is rarely described. This report includes three separate cases of leptospirosis in Patagonian maras () over a 3-yr period in multiple locations within a single zoo. All three cases presented with varying clinical signs including lethargy, conjunctival hyperemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and presumed renal azotemia.

Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Identification of as Causative Agent of High Mortality Disease in NOD.Cg-/SzJ (NSG) Mice.

NOD.Cg-/SzJ (NSG) mice, lacking many components of a mature immune system, are at increased risk of disease. General understanding of potential pathogens of these mice is limited.

Review: Dublin in dairy cattle.

serovar Dublin (. Dublin) is a bacterium host-adapted to cattle with increasing prevalence in dairy facilities. It can severely affect cattle health, producing high morbidity and mortality in young calves and reducing the performance of mature animals.

Multi-institutional retrospective study investigating blood culture protocols and test positivity in 701 dogs.

Objectives: (i) To determine the influence of specimen collection protocol (timing and specimen quantity), primary disease process, and pre-existing antimicrobial or immunosuppressive therapy on blood culture (BC) positivity and (ii) To determine agreement between urine culture and BC results.

Animals: 701 client-owned dogs.

Methods: Multi-institutional retrospective study (2019-2022).

Apparent prevalence and selected risk factors of methicillin-resistant and non- staphylococci and mammaliicocci in bulk tank milk of dairy herds in Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan.

The purpose of this study was to determine the apparent prevalence and risk factors of methicillin-resistant and non- staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) in bulk tank milk (BTM) obtained from 300 dairy farms that belong to a cooperative collecting milk from Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio. Dairy field personnel recorded information about selected farm level risk factors and collected and froze BTM samples (n = 300) that were sent to Michigan State University researchers. Milk samples were thawed at room temperature and pre-enriched by adding 1 to 4 mL of Mueller-Hinton broth supplemented with 6.

Antibiograms of field and hospital acquired equine neonatal bacterial fluid cultures in the Midwestern United States: 149 samples (2007-2018).

Background: Contemporary data reflecting local pathogens and their antibiograms is necessary to select empirical antimicrobial therapy for equine neonates.

Hypothesis/objectives: Describe bacterial isolates associated with equine neonatal infection and their antibiograms in the Midwestern United States. An increase in gram-positive infection and antibiotic resistance compared to previous literature was expected.

Septicemia caused by an emerging pathogen, , in a laboratory colony of African dwarf frogs (.

An outbreak of morbidity and mortality in an African dwarf frog ( colony was reported following arrival at an animal research facility. Animals were found dead on arrival or became moribund shortly thereafter, and additional animals showed clinical signs of lethargy, weight loss, and anorexia over the following 3 weeks. Externally, some affected animals presented with multifocal areas of hyperemia in the inguinal and axillary areas and on the limbs, and mottled tan discoloration along the ventral abdomen.

Comparative Genomics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Ruminant Listeriosis Cases in the Midwest United States.

Ruminants are a well-known reservoir for Listeria monocytogenes. In addition to asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen, ruminants can also acquire listeriosis and develop clinical manifestations in the form of neurologic or fetal infections, similar to those occurring in humans. Genomic characterization of ruminant listeriosis cases in Europe have identified lineage 1 and 2 strains associated with infection, as well as clonal complexes (CCs) that are commonly isolated from human cases of listeriosis; however, there is little information on the diversity of L.

Pythium insidiosum complex hides a cryptic novel species: Pythium periculosum.

Early phylogenetic analysis of Pythium insidiosum, the etiologic agent of pythiosis in mammals, showed the presence of a complex comprising three monophyletic clusters. Two included isolates recovered from cases of pythiosis in the Americas (Cluster I) and Asia (Cluster II), whereas the third cluster included four diverged isolates three from humans in Thailand and the USA, and one isolate from a USA spectacled bear (Cluster III). Thereafter, several phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of at least three monophyletic clusters, with most isolates placed in clusters I and II.

Multi-laboratory evaluation of the Illumina iSeq platform for whole genome sequencing of , and .

There is a growing need for public health and veterinary laboratories to perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and protecting the safety of people and animals. With the availability of smaller and more affordable sequencing platforms coupled with well-defined bioinformatic protocols, the technological capability to incorporate this technique for real-time surveillance and genomic epidemiology has greatly expanded. There is a need, however, to ensure that data are of high quality.

Scedosporium apiospermum infection presenting as a mural urinary bladder mass and focal peritonitis in a Border Collie.

is an opportunistic mold that is an emerging disease in humans and animals. This report describes a case of infection inciting a mural urinary bladder mass and focal peritonitis in a dog that had a history of multiple traumatic events several years prior. For diagnosis, culture followed by MALDI-ToF, PCR, and sequencing was performed to accurately identify the species.

Genome Sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Biovar bovis Strains Ravenel and 10-7428.

We report the draft genomes of two Mycobacterium tuberculosis biovar bovis strains. Strain Ravenel was isolated in the 1900s and has been shown to be attenuated in cattle. Strain 10-7428 is considered highly pathogenic in cattle and was isolated from a bovine tuberculosis outbreak.

Atypical Brucella inopinata-Like Species in 2 Marine Toads.

We describe the isolation of atypical Brucella inopinata-like species and unique clinicopathologic findings in 2 adult marine toads (Rhinella marina), including oophoritis in 1 toad. These findings represent a novel emerging disease in toads and a possible zoonotic pathogen.

Avian Gastric Yeast (Macrorhabdus ornithogaster) and Mycobacterium genavense Infections in a Zoo Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) Flock.

Over a 4-mo period, a Michigan zoo had 32 budgerigars, Melopsittacus undulatus, from their flock die. Whole animals or formalin-fixed tissues were submitted to Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for diagnosis. Avian gastric yeast infection, Macrorhabdus ornithogaster, was diagnosed in seven birds.

Genomics accurately predicts antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius collected as part of Vet-LIRN resistance monitoring.

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has changed our understanding of bacterial pathogens, aiding outbreak investigations and advancing our knowledge of their genetic features. However, there has been limited use of genomics to understand antimicrobial resistance of veterinary pathogens, which would help identify emerging resistance mechanisms and track their spread. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the correlation between resistance genotypes and phenotypes for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, a major pathogen of companion animals, by comparing broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing and WGS.

Metronidazole treatment of acute diarrhea in dogs: A randomized double blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Metronidazole is commonly administered to dogs with acute diarrhea, but there is limited evidence to support this practice.

Objective: To investigate the effects of metronidazole administration on dogs with acute nonspecific diarrhea.

Animals: Thirty-one dogs, including 14 test population dogs and 17 controls.

Enhancing the one health initiative by using whole genome sequencing to monitor antimicrobial resistance of animal pathogens: Vet-LIRN collaborative project with veterinary diagnostic laboratories in United States and Canada.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacterial pathogens is an emerging public health threat. This threat extends to pets as it also compromises our ability to treat their infections. Surveillance programs in the United States have traditionally focused on collecting data from food animals, foods, and people.

Identification of Pythium insidiosum complex by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.

Purpose: Pythiosis is an infection of humans and other animals caused by the fungal-like pathogen Pythium insidiosum. This pathogen causes life-threatening infection in the infected hosts. Culture, histopathology, serology and molecular tools are used to diagnose its infections.

Lyophilization of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J for Long-Term Storage.

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J is a Gram-negative predatory bacterium with obligate host dependency on other Gram-negative bacteria. This bacteriolytic predator collides with, enters, and establishes growth within the prey (host) periplasm, eventually lysing the prey cell wall to release fresh, motile B. bacteriovorus progeny.

Discrimination of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Accurate and timely identification of infectious etiologies is of great significance in veterinary microbiology, especially for critical diseases such as strangles, a highly contagious disease of horses caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. We evaluated a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) platform for use in species- and subspecies-level identification of S.

Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis in a dog.

Phaeohyphomycosis is a rare but emerging disease caused by dematiaceous fungi. Here we describe the case of an immunosuppressed dog with disseminated phaeohyphomycosis secondary to infection. Regionally extensive infiltration of the paw pads, skin, myocardium, liver, renal interstitium and diaphragm was identified on histopathology.