Crocodile Skin Retinal Appearance: Miliary Distribution of Bilateral Idiopathic Multifocal Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachments.

This report presents cases of an unusual appearance of bilateral idiopathic multifocal retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in three patients, using multimodal imaging. Three patients with multiple PEDs, initially diagnosed as drusen, were referred for evaluation. They underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination and multimodal imaging.

Utilising Narrative Medicine to Identify Key Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Dry Eye Disease: An Italian Multicentre Study.

Introduction: Despite an improved understanding of its pathogenesis, dry eye disease (DED) remains relatively underestimated and its treatment challenging. A better alignment between the clinical evaluation and the patient self-assessment also requires capturing the whole patient experience of DED. This project aimed to unveil this experience through narrative medicine (NM).

Anterior chamber retained lens fragments: A novel approach with Nd:Yag laser.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective case series of nd:Yag laser fragmentation of LF in twenty eyes at different clinics discovered after cataract surgery performed through phacoemulsification and implant of intraocular lens (IOL).

Conclusion: Early nd:Yag laser procedure is a good option to use for retained lenticular fragments in the anterior chamber after cataract extraction, to reduce damages to the endothelium caused by the LF, to lower patient discomfort to re-enter surgery, to minimize costs of surgical re-intervention and to avoid possible inflammatory complications given by the retained fragments that may not be reabsorbed properly and may even present several years after primary surgery leading to damages to endothelium caused by the lenticular fragments and visual disturbances.

Combined 41- gauge surgically induced macular detachment and free internal limiting membrane flap technique for management of refractory full-thickness macular hole.

Purpose: To report a case of anatomic closure and functional improvement in a patient affected by refractory full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) undergone a combined 41-gauge (g) surgically induced macular detachment and free internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-report of a 70-years-olded woman affected by refractory FTMH who referred to Ophthalmology Unit of Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza (Italy) in April 2023. The patient underwent a combined 41-g surgically induced macular detachment and free ILM flap.

Real world treatment outcomes in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in a Caucasian population of British ethnicity.

Purpose: To assess treatment response of Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a Caucasian population of British ethnicity with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections alone and with a combination of anti-VEGF injections and photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Setting/venue: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.

Methods: Retrospective review of 95 Caucasian patients in a single centre with diagnosis of PCV between 2013 and 2018 were included.

Long-Term results of macular buckle for MTM stage 3-4 With maculoschisis and macular detachment without and With lamellar macular hole.

Purpose: To report the long-term anatomical and functional results of macular buckle for Myopic Traction Maculopathy (MTM) in stages 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b according to the MTM Staging System (MSS).

Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study involving 55 consecutive patients with MTM in stages 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b who underwent macular buckle (MB). Postoperative outcomes, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans to evaluate the MTM stage and its progression, were evaluated 1-month postoperatively (i.

Functional and structural characteristics in patients with type 3 macular neovascularisation treated with anti-VEGF. Three-year results in real world settings.

Background: To evaluate the long-term anatomical and functional outcomes of anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor intravitreal injections (anti-VEGF IVI) in patients with type 3 macular neovascularisation (MNV) in real-world settings.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients with type 3 MNV who received anti-VEGF IVI between 2013 and 2020. Primary outcomes were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT).

Inner Retinal Thinning Comparison between Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

to assess the tomographic retinal layers' thickness in eyes affected by branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) and to compare it to those of patients affected by primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). retrospective review of 27 patients; 16 with BRAO (16 eyes) and 11 with POAG (20 eyes) were identified among those who received SD-OCT scans, including analysis of macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), neuroretinal rim (NRR), circumpapillary RNFL at 3.5 mm and hemisphere asymmetry (HA).

The Role of the Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography for Vitreoretinal Surgery in a Real-Life Setting.

Background: To descriptively report the advantages and the feasibility of microscope-integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography (i-OCT) in managing different vitreoretinal diseases in a real-life setting.

Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study involving 265 eyes that underwent elective retinal surgery and intraoperative OCT between 1 September 2018 and 1 October 2022 at Eyecare Clinic (Brescia, Italy).

Results: 52 epiretinal membranes, 30 retinal detachments, 60 high myopic eyes, 30 choroidal transplants, 40 macular holes, and 32 vitreo-proliferative retinopathies underwent vitreoretinal surgery and intraoperative OCT scans.

Case Report: Spontaneous Closure of Idiopathic Full-thickness Macular Hole and Early Development of Lamellar Hole.

Significance: Spontaneous closure of an idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) is a rare event. The underlying mechanisms are unclear because of the difficulty in detecting subtle structural changes even with serial imaging. Previous reports are largely optical coherence tomography (OCT) based, but multimodal imaging could highlight new information.

Sympathetic Ophthalmia after Vitreoretinal Surgery without Antecedent History of Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: To evaluate the morbidity frequency measures in terms of the cumulative incidence of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) triggered by single or multiple vitreoretinal (VR) surgery procedures in eyes without an antecedent history of trauma and previous ocular surgery, except for previous or concomitant uneventful lens extraction, and to further investigate the relationship between VR surgery and SO.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus from inception until 11 November 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for the case series and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the risk of bias.

International Validation of Myopic Traction Maculopathy Staging System.

Background And Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the interobserver agreement of the myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) staging system (MSS).

Patients And Methods: Each observer was asked to look at the MSS Table and then identify, in each optical coherence tomography scan, one among four stages of MTM in the retina, one among three stages in the fovea, and, as secondary findings, the presence or absence of an outer lamellar macular hole and the presence or absence of epiretinal abnormalities. The interobserver agreement value was calculated using the Gwet's AC1 unweighted and AC2 weighted statistics.

Postoperative complications after successful primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

Background: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors for cystoid macular edema (CME) and epiretinal membrane (ERM) development after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study involving 62 consecutive patients with primary RRD who underwent RRD repair with either scleral buckling (SB) or pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). SB was used in young phakic patients without posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), high myopic patients, and RRD associated with either anterior or inferior retinal tears.

Artificial iris: state of the art.

Surgical correction of traumatic aniridia aims to improve the quality of vision, compartmentalize the anterior and posterior chamber, and re-establish a satisfying cosmetic appearance. Various types of prosthetic iris devices (PIDs) are available, which differ in technical difficulty of implant and design: artificial iris (AI)-intraocular lens prosthesis, endocapsular capsular tension ring-based PID, and customized AI. The choice depends on the preexisting clinical condition after severe ocular trauma and on patient functional and cosmetic expectations.

Microscope-assisted pneumatic retinopexy for the management of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Purpose: Outcomes of pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) using surgical microscope, wide-angle viewing system, and chandelier endoilluminator (microscope-assisted pneumatic retinopexy) for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: Retrospective study. 43 consecutive eyes with RRD undergoing microscope-assisted PnR surgery (MAPR) were analysed.

Pole to Pole Surgery in Ocular Trauma: Standardizing Surgical Steps.

This commentary describes steps in ocular reconstruction surgery following ocular globe injuries in both the anterior and posterior segment causing corneal opacity and aphakia. The authors propose to reorder the sequence of surgical manoeuvres during pars plana vitrectomy combined with keratoplasty and aphakia treatment without capsular support and highlight the advantages in the choice of the intraocular lens to implant. A mental outline of all surgical manoeuvres, being aware of the complications that can arise during surgery and knowing the long-term benefits of making more careful choices, can make this surgery more effective and safer.

Effects of physiological fluctuations on the estimation of vascular flow in eyes with idiopathic macular pucker.

Objectives: To evaluate the macular vascular flow in eyes with idiopathic macular pucker (Eye), pre and post pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal and limiting membranes peeling, and to compare it with the vascular flow in the healthy fellow eyes (Eye), taken as physiological reference value.

Methods: 40 eyes of 40 patients were recruited. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated.

Novel approaches to the assessment and treatment of lamellar macular hole.

Purpose: To analyse morpho-functional foveal changes in eyes with lamellar macular hole (LMH) by an integrated assessment of short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-FAF) and microperimetry (SW-FAF/microperimetry integrated assessment) before and after treatment with a technique of double-inverted flaps of epiretinal proliferation (EP) and internal limiting membrane (ILM).

Methods: Clinical and tomographic parameters were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), LMH size, central retinal thickness (CRT) and outer retinal layer integrity. SW-FAF/microperimetry integrated assessment allowed to analyse retinal sensitivity (RS) and FAF status of the fovea by an overlay of RS map on SW-FAF image.

Role of Cold Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) in the Prophylaxis of Cystoid Macular Edema After Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the postoperative effect on central retinal macular thickness of a cooled irrigating eye solution used during cataract surgery.

Patients And Methods: In this prospective, single-center study, 100 eyes of 50 patients (26 males and 24 females) were evaluated with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) before and after phacoemulsification for senile cataract. Eyes were randomly divided into two groups based on the irrigating solution used during surgery: Group 1, 50 eyes received intraoperative irrigating solution at room temperature (~20.

Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of the myopic traction maculopathy staging system.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the inter-observer and intra-observer agreement of the myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) staging system (MSS).

Methods: The agreement test for MSS was based on the evaluation of 104 optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans from 104 myopic eyes. According to the MSS, six observers were asked to identify, in each image, one among four retinal patterns and one among three foveal patterns of MTM, the presence of an outer lamellar macular hole (OLMH) and an epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Reper intraocular lens with artificial iris: implantation techniques and outcomes.

The authors describe the surgical techniques to implant a novel intraocular lens with artificial iris (Reper) in patients affected by traumatic aphakia and aniridia. Two surgical approaches are proposed: implantation by suture-loaded cartridge and "open sky" implantation combined with penetrating keratoplasty. The method of establishing the exact position of the scleral fixation points and the pre-assembly of the suture of Reper before its implantation are the main novel proposed surgical procedures.

The Role of the Outer Lamellar Macular Hole in the Surgical Management of Myopic Traction Maculopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the anatomical and functional surgical outcomes of eyes affected by myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) with and without an outer lamellar macular hole (O-LMH).

Methods: Forty-eight eyes affected by MTM were included: a study group of 24 eyes with an O-LMH and a control group of 24 eyes without an O-LMH. All patients underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and were staged according to the MTM staging system.