Computational framework for minimizing off-target toxicity in capecitabine treatment using natural compounds.

Antineoplastic drugs are becoming prevalent due to increasing cancer casualties around the globe. However, the adverse effects of these drugs are evident due to limited insight into the underlying mechanisms that result in non-specific binding and consequent off-target toxicity. The study investigates the side effects of an antineoplastic drug, Capecitabine, a prodrug converted into fluorouracil by Thymidine Phosphorylase (TP) and degrades the RNA of cancerous cells.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Event and core associates in bladder cancer.

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) shows different biological outcomes, diverse biological propensities for invading the muscularis as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a dynamic key event during developmental processes, wound healing, and tissue repair. The EMT core molecules include EMT-activating transcription factors (EMT-ATFs), and a host of downstream effectors and target genes including extracellular inducers and growth factors. Here, we describe molecular regulatory determinants of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) and more specifically EMT that allows a subset of urothelial cancer cells to gain mesenchymal traits with self-renewal potential.

Clinicohistopathological implications of phosphoserine 9 glycogen synthase kinase-3β/ β-catenin in urinary bladder cancer patients.

Background: Aberrant activation of phosphorylated form of glycogen synthase kinase-3β [pS9GSK-3β (Serine 9 phosphorylation)] is known to trigger Wnt/β-catenin signal cascade but its clinicohistopathological implications in bladder carcinogenesis remain unknown.

Aim: To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of expressions of pS9GSK-3β, β-catenin and its target genes in the pathobiology of bladder cancer.

Methods: Bladder tumor tissues from ninety patients were analyzed for quantitative expression and cellular localization of pS9GSK-3β by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.

Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition and Its Correlation With Clinicopathologic Features in Patients With Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder.

Introduction: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process in the pathogenesis of urinary bladder cancer. Despite significant advancements in its diagnosis and treatment, the outcomes have more or less remained the same. In the present study, the expression of EMT markers was investigated to evaluate its prognostic significance in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).