Impact of Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease on Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs in Patients With COVID-19.

The economic burden associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and concurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with COVID-19 is unclear. We compared healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs in patients with COVID-19 and T2DM and CVD (T2DM + CVD), T2DM only, or neither T2DM nor CVD (T2DM/CVD). A retrospective observational study in COVID-19 patients using data from the Healthcare Integrated Research Database (HIRD®) was conducted.

Impact of pre-existing type 2 diabetes with and without cardiovascular disease on patients with COVID-19.

Aim: To compare adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients with pre-existing type 2 diabetes (T2D) only, T2D and cardiovascular disease (CVD), or neither.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used administrative claims, laboratory and mortality data from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database. Patients with COVID-19 were identified from 3 January 2020 to 31 May 2021 and stratified by the presence of T2D and CVD.

Clinical characteristics of children referred for signs of early puberty before age 3.

Background: Signs of puberty in very young children are often benign, but the evaluation needed and follow-up are controversial.

Objectives: The study had three objectives: 1) to analyze the frequency of diagnoses in children <3 years referred for early puberty; 2) to examine the usefulness of lab testing; and 3) to identify red flags indicating a more serious diagnosis.

Methods: Charts of all children younger than age 3 referred for early puberty between 7/09 and 6/13 were reviewed.

Trends in standard workup performed by pediatric subspecialists for the diagnosis of adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify trends in the clinical workup, diagnosis, and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome by pediatric endocrinologists, pediatric gynecologists, and adolescent medicine specialists.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care medical center.

In children with premature adrenarche, bone age advancement by 2 or more years is common and generally benign.

Background: Premature adrenarche (PA) is often associated with bone age (BA) advanced by ≥2 years, which increases the concern for underlying pathology, but the frequency and clinical significance of this is unknown. Our objective was to identify the proportion of PA patients with very advanced BA and normal BA and compare the clinical characteristics of the two groups.

Methods: Charts of 427 patients aged 5-9 years, referred for early puberty over a 2-year period, were reviewed for clinical diagnosis, growth, parental heights, hormone levels and BA.

Feeding frequency and appetite in lean and obese prepubertal children.

To determine the effect of feeding frequency on appetite in normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) prepubertal children, we carried out a prospective, randomized interventional study of 18 NW and 17 OB children ages 6-10. Children received three or five feedings in random order on separate days. Total calories, carbohydrate, protein, and fat composition on each day were equal.

Antecedent caloric intake and glucose excursion following a subsequent meal in Type 1 diabetes.

Background: In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that calories consumed at a prior meal (lunch) may impair glycemic control after a subsequent meal (supper) even if the pre-supper glucose did not differ regardless of the size of the lunch meal.

Methods: Nine subjects with Type 1 diabetes using continuous subcutaneous (s.c.