Early Behavioural Signs among Nepalese Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a complex neurodevelopmental condition. Early identification of symptoms is crucial for timely intervention, yet diagnosing very young children can be challenging due to the variability in symptom presentation and the influence of other developmental factors. This study aimed to find the prevalence of the emergence of early behavioural signs in Nepalese children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Utilisation of eye health services and compliance with spectacles wear among community school adolescents: a mixed-methods study from Bagmati province of Nepal.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors influencing eye care service utilisation and compliance with spectacles wear among school students.

Design: Mixed-methods study.

Setting: 27 community schools from 6 districts of Bagmati province of Nepal.

Surgeries and Outcomes in Subluxated and Dislocated Lens in Eastern Nepal.

Introduction: Many ocular or systemic conditions can cause weakening of the zonules, leading to subluxation or complete dislocation of lens into the anterior chamber or vitreous cavity.

Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of surgery in cases with subluxated and dislocated lens.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective chart review of all cases with subluxated and dislocated lens who underwent surgery in a one-year period from 2019 January to 2019 December was conducted.

Kaleidos-based binocular vision analyzer for the estimation of refractive errors and horizontal ocular deviation in children.

Clinical Relevance: Knowing the agreement and interobserver variability of the 2WIN-S photorefractometer with cycloplegic retinoscopy and prism cover test is important for judging the clinical usefulness of the device.

Background: This study aims to determine an agreement and interobserver reliability between 2WIN-S photorefractometer and cycloplegic retinoscopy for estimating refractive errors and between 2WIN-S and prism cover test for measuring horizontal ocular deviation in children.

Methods: Two groups of 129 and 64 participants (range, 5 to 16 years) were recruited for the agreement and interobserver reliability studies, respectively.

Impact of active vision therapy compared to conventional patching therapy on visual acuity and stereoacuity in children with amblyopia.

Purpose: To compare improvements in visual acuity (VA) and stereoacuity between active vision therapy (AVT) and conventional patching therapy in children with amblyopia.

Methods: This study included 65 children aged 5 to 16 years (mean age±SD, 11.00±3.

Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients with Prediabetes Attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a specific microvascular ocular complication associated with diabetes. However, retinopathy has also been reported in people with prediabetes. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among patients with prediabetes attending the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary eye care centre.

Bilateral Iridochorioretinal Coloboma Managed with Low Vision Rehabilitation: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Ocular coloboma is a rare congenital disability. If involving the macula, it affects the patient's vision and subsequently affects childhood development and quality of life in the future. Appropriate low vision aid and timely rehabilitation can provide the best possible quality of life for visually impaired children.

Amblyopia among Patients Attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Amblyopia is defined as a reduction in visual acuity unilaterally or bilaterally without any detectable cause. It is a major public health issue in developing and underdeveloped countries. Its prevalence is usually underestimated because of proper study and lack of awareness.

Screen time and its correlates among children aged 3-10 years during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of high screen time among schoolchildren aged 3-10 years in Bhaktapur, its correlates and the parents' strategies to reduce screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal.

Methods And Analysis: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during March 2021. A total of 630 households were selected for the study from 21 randomly selected clusters in Bhaktapur, Nepal.

Burden and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Diabetic Patients Attending a Multispecialty Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nepal.

Introduction: As the number of people with diabetes mellitus is increasing because of urbanization and change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle, the number of diabetic retinopathy is also expected to increase in future. [1] [sa2] We aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors among diabetic patients in the tertiary eye hospital.

Materials And Methods: This is the observational cross-sectional study enrolling 420 diabetic patients visiting the multispecialty tertiary eye hospital between March 2020 and February 2021.

Conventional versus Modified Tarso-frontalis Suspension Surgery using Targeted Lid Crease for Simple Congenital Blepharoptosis with Poor Levator Action.

Introduction: The routine technique of tarso-frontalis suspension surgery for simple congenital blepharoptosis with poor levator action is cosmetically less rewarding due to either an absence or asymmetry of the postoperative eyelid crease. The objective of this study was to assess the eyelid crease quality after a modified open method of tarso-frontalis suspension surgery compared to the closed method.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective comparative study reviewing the case sheets of all the patients undergoing unilateral tarso-frontalis suspension surgery with silicon rod employing Fox pentagon design from September 2017 to February 2019 at Mechi Eye Hospital, Jhapa, Nepal.

Managing a Case of a Congenital Cystic Eyeball: Case Report with Review of Literature.

A congenital cystic eyeball is an extremely rare condition, with only 52 cases reported in the literature to date. An orbital cyst replaces the eyeball which occurs due to the complete or partial failure in invagination of the primary optic vesicle during the fourth week of gestation. We discuss a case of a congenital cystic eyeball in a 14-year-old female who presented to us for a cosmetic blemish due to a large swelling in the right eyelid with the absence of a right eyeball since birth.

Use of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection among Patients Undergoing Surgical Retinal Interventions at Tertiary Eye Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Intravitreal Bevacizumab injection has now become a routine procedure for retina specialists throughout the world. Easy availability of this monoclonal antibody molecule even in Nepal has brought a revolution in the management of various retinal diseases. This study aims to find out the prevalence of the use of intravitreal Bevacizumab for retinal diseases at the tertiary eye hospital.

Clinical variations and therapeutic challenges in the management of symptomatic retinal artery macroaneurysm: a tertiary center experience.

Purpose: To find out clinical characteristics, therapeutic options, and visual outcome in symptomatic retinal artery macroaneurysm (RAMA) patients.

Method: Newly diagnosed cases of symptomatic RAMA from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. Fifteen eyes of 15 patients with mean age 62.

Vitreous Hemorrhage following High-Altitude Retinopathy.

Purpose: To report a case of high-altitude retinopathy with vitreous hemorrhage.

Methods: An apparently healthy 29-year-old boy presented with a history of floater and slight diminution of vision in the left eye after climbing the mountain 4760 meters high.

Results: The visual acuity at presentation was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye.

Evolution of Lightning Maculopathy: Presentation of Two Clinical Cases and Brief Review of the Literature.

Lightning is a naturally occurring atmospheric phenomenon. Though uncommon, it is a potentially devastating and underreported natural calamity. Lightning accounts for the second leading cause of weather-related death in most parts of the world.

Ocular Manifestations and Biometrics in Marfan's Syndrome from Eastern Nepal.

Purpose: To evaluate the ocular characteristics of Marfan's syndrome (MFS) fulfilling the revised Ghent-2 nosology in Eastern Nepal.

Materials And Methods: A hospital-based observational and cross-sectional study was conducted. Ocular manifestations and biometrics were incorporated.

Ocular manifestation in progeria: A case report.

Introduction: Progeria also known as Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) (MIM176670) is a very uncommon fatal genetic untimely aging syndrome. It is characterized by retarded physical development, accelerated degeneration of the skin, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Other features include prominent eyes, thin nose, small chin and thin lips.