Universal School-Based Depression Prevention 'Op Volle Kracht': a Longitudinal Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

The longitudinal effectiveness of a universal, adolescent school-based depression prevention program Op Volle Kracht (OVK) was evaluated by means of a cluster randomized controlled trial with intervention and control condition (school as usual). OVK was based on the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) (Gillham et al. Psychological Science, 6, 343-351, 1995).

Mindful Parenting Assessed Further: Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P).

Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P) were studied in a general population sample of mothers of adolescents (=866) (study 1). A six-factor structure (29 items) emerged using exploratory factor analysis. A main difference from the original IM-P was that aspects of compassion and emotional awareness were separated into different factors for the self and the child, instead of combined into one factor.

Reciprocal associations between adolescents' night-time sleep and daytime affect and the role of gender and depressive symptoms.

During adolescence, students not only obtain less sleep and sleep of poorer quality but also experience increases in negative affect, decreases in positive affect, and increases in depressive symptoms. Given that sleep and affect may both influence one another, a disruption of either one of the two may trigger a downward spiral where poor sleep and affective dysfunctioning continue to negatively influence each other. As a result, the present study aims to examine the bidirectional daily associations between adolescents' nighttime sleep (sleep quality and disturbance) and daytime affect as well as the moderational effects of participants' gender and depressive symptoms.

Effects of asthma on nicotine dependence development and smoking cessation attempts in adolescence.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether asthma predicts the development of nicotine dependence and unsuccessful smoking cessation attempts in adolescent smokers. In addition, whether nicotine dependence could explain the relation between asthma and unsuccessful cessation attempts was also investigated.

Methods: A longitudinal survey study was conducted among 286 adolescents (aged 12-15 at T1) who had never used tobacco at baseline and were current smokers at follow-up 22 months later.

In the heat of the moment: alcohol consumption and smoking lapse and relapse among adolescents who have quit smoking.

Background: The present study tested the co-occurrence of alcohol use and the first lapse and relapse into smoking among daily smoking adolescents who quit smoking.

Methods: In this ecological momentary assessment study, participants completed web-based questionnaires three times a day during one week prior to and three weeks after a quit attempt in their own natural environments. Participants were 134 daily smoking adolescents in the aged 15-19.

Smoking cessation-specific parenting and parental smoking as precursors of adolescent smoking cognitions and quitting.

Relatively little is known about if and through which mechanisms parents influence adolescents' smoking cessation. The present study used Social Cognitive Theory as a theoretical framework to test whether parental smoking and smoking cessation-specific parenting (SCSP) predicted readiness to quit smoking and actual smoking cessation one year later. Both direct paths between parent factors and outcomes, and indirect paths via adolescents' smoking-specific cognitions (pros of smoking and quitting, and self-efficacy) were examined in a sample of 530 adolescents in the ages of 13 to 18 who smoked daily and weekly at baseline.

Contextual correlates of adolescents' self-efficacy after smoking cessation.

Recent research has shown that daily changes in self-efficacy predict lapses and relapse into smoking after quitting among adolescent daily smokers, but it is not known if and how momentary self-efficacy is associated with affect-motivational states and external contexts. In the present study, 134 adolescent daily smokers were monitored daily during 1 week prior to and 3 weeks after they began their quit attempt. Participants completed questions on smoking, self-efficacy, affect-motivational states (craving and negative affect), and external contexts (seeing others smoke, experiencing a stressful event, and alcohol and coffee consumption) three times a day.

Dynamic effects of self-efficacy on smoking lapses and relapse among adolescents.

Objective: The present study examined whether dynamic day-to-day variations in self-efficacy predicted success in quit attempts among daily smoking adolescents.

Design: A sample of 149 adolescents recorded their smoking and self-efficacy three times per day during 1 week prior to and 3 weeks after a quit attempt.

Main Outcome Measures: The first lapse, second lapse, and relapse after at least 24 hours of abstinence from smoking were the main outcome measures.

Parental factors in association with adolescent smoking relapse.

The present study examined the role of parents in smoking relapse among adolescents who embarked on a serious attempt to quit. Participants were 135 adolescents aged 15-20 years who smoked daily and participated in an ecological momentary assessment study. Daily questions about their quitting experiences were administered during 4 weeks.

Nicotine withdrawal symptoms following a quit attempt: an ecological momentary assessment study among adolescents.

Introduction: The present study describes growth curves of withdrawal symptoms among 138 daily smoking adolescents before, during, and after a quit attempt.

Methods: Participants reported their levels of withdrawal symptoms (craving, negative affect, and hunger) three times a day over a period of 28 days: 1 week prior to and 3 weeks following a quit attempt.

Results: All withdrawal symptoms were quite stable at a relatively low level during the 5 days prior to the quit day.

Testing Social Cognitive Theory as a theoretical framework to predict smoking relapse among daily smoking adolescents.

Predictors of adolescent smoking relapse are largely unknown, since studies either focus on relapse among adults, or address (long-term) smoking cessation but not relapse. In the present study, Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) was used as a theoretical framework to examine the first and second lapses, as well as mild and heavy relapse into smoking among 135 daily smoking adolescents who embarked on a serious quit attempt. Baseline predictors were pros of smoking, pros of quitting, self-efficacy, and intensity of smoking.

Mechanisms of adolescent smoking cessation: roles of readiness to quit, nicotine dependence, and smoking of parents and peers.

Multiple levels of influence should be considered in interventions aimed at the adolescent smoker, including psychological, addiction, peer and parental influences. However, the mechanism by which these variables influence the process of smoking cessation in adolescents is not well elucidated. Therefore, this prospective study tested two models among 850 adolescent smokers, specifying the direct and indirect relations between adolescents' readiness to quit smoking, levels of nicotine dependence, and smoking behavior of their parents and friends.

An integration of parents' and best friends' smoking, smoking-specific cognitions, and nicotine dependence in relation to readiness to quit smoking: a comparison between adolescents with and without asthma.

Objective: To study the impact of parents' and best friends' smoking, nicotine dependence, and craving on smoking-specific cognitions, and readiness to quit in adolescents with and without asthma.

Methods: Structural equation analyses were applied to data from a sample of 1,120 daily smoking adolescents, 83 of whom had asthma.

Results: Adolescents with asthma felt more ready to quit, and cognitions were more strongly related to readiness to quit among adolescents with asthma than among adolescents without asthma.

Associations between the transtheoretical processes of change, nicotine dependence and adolescent smokers' transition through the stages of change.

Aims: To examine the significance of the transtheoretical processes of change in predicting transition through the stages of change in adolescent smokers, as well as the relative role of nicotine dependence in predicting stage transitions.

Design: In grades 9 and 10, adolescents' stage of change, the use of processes of change and nicotine dependence were assessed (T1). Stage transitions were assessed 1 year later (T2).

The role of smoking-cessation-specific parenting in adolescent smoking-specific cognitions and readiness to quit.

Background: An instrument assessing smoking-cessation-specific parenting was developed and tested in relation to a) the pros of smoking and quitting and self-efficacy to resist smoking, and b) adolescent readiness to quit.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey data from 998 Dutch adolescents who smoked regularly were used to perform structural equation analyses.

Results: Adolescents who perceived relatively few advantages of smoking and many benefits of quitting reported a high readiness to quit.

Pathways to alcohol use among Dutch students in regular education and education for adolescents with behavioral problems: the role of parental alcohol use, general parenting practices, and alcohol-specific parenting practices.

The present study explored the role of parents' alcohol use, general parenting practices (support and behavioral control), and alcohol-specific parenting practices (alcohol-specific rule enforcement and alcohol availability at home) on adolescent alcohol use. Structural equation analyses were performed on cross-sectional data from adolescents who received special education because of behavioral problems (n=411) and from adolescents who received regular education (n=428). The main findings show that alcohol-specific parenting practices appear to be highly important in regulating adolescent alcohol use.

Adolescent smoking continuation: reduction and progression in smoking after experimentation and recent onset.

In the present study, the role of cognitive concepts derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior in adolescent smoking reduction, continuation, and progression was investigated. These concepts include pro-smoking attitudes, perceived social norms regarding smoking, and self-efficacy to resist smoking. Logistic regression analyses were performed on data from 397 Dutch adolescents aged 11-15 years, who had at least once tried smoking.