Pediatric oncology nutritional practices in high-income countries: A survey from the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP).

Background: Optimal nutrition in pediatric oncology can influence cancer-related outcomes. To establish an understanding of nutrition practice and perceptions of best practice, we queried nutrition providers practicing in pediatric oncology care centers in high-income countries.

Methods: An electronic, multidisciplinary, cross-sectional survey of nutrition practices was conducted among pediatric oncology nutrition practitioners.

Nutrition management of pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Guidelines, gaps, and research.

Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is a key component of supportive care for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. During the transplant process, several complications and side effects may be encountered that require alteration of the nutrition support, interventions, and monitoring provided. The focus of this review is to discuss current guidelines and research for the provision of MNT to these patients, along with recommendations on how to bridge the gap in MNT knowledge.

Retinol Binding Protein, Sunlight Hours, and the Influenza Virus-Specific Immune Response.

Healthy pediatric immune responses depend on adequate vitamin A and D levels. Relationships between solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and vitamin D are well understood, while relationships between sunlight, vitamin A, and its serum escort, retinol binding protein (RBP), are not. A pediatric clinical study enrolled 2-8-year-old children at various times between September 2016 and March 2017, inclusive, in Memphis, Tennessee.

When Reality and Research Collide: Guidelines Are Essential for Optimal Nutrition Care in Pediatric Oncology.

Nutritional problems are common in pediatric oncology due to the side effects of the disease and treatment. Nutrition intervention can be challenging, and little is known about the current clinical practice of registered dietitian nutritionists. An online questionnaire emailed to members of the pediatric, oncology nutrition, and clinical manager practice groups of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, consisted of items related to current nutrition practice.

Comparison of Resting Energy Expenditure Assessment in Pediatric Oncology Patients.

Background: Evaluation of energy requirements is an important part of the nutrition assessment of pediatric oncology patients. Adequate provision of energy in this population is of extreme importance because of the prevalence of malnutrition and its effect on growth, development, quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Numerous methods are used in clinical practice for estimating the resting energy expenditures (REE), specifically indirect calorimetry and predictive equations.

The weaned pig as a model for Doxorubicin-induced mucositis.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM) complicates cancer therapy and limits maximum tolerated doses and efficacy. Rodent models do not reproducibly mimic clinical CIM, so alternative models are needed.

Methods: CIM severity was assessed after weaned pigs were treated with doxorubicin (5 and 3.

Dietary patterns in pregnancy and effects on nutrient intake in the Mid-South: the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) study.

Dietary patterns are sensitive to differences across socio-economic strata or cultural habits and may impact programing of diseases in later life. The purpose of this study was to identify distinct dietary patterns during pregnancy in the Mid-South using factor analysis. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the differences in the food groups and in macro- and micronutrients among the different food patterns.

Effect of body mass index on the outcome of children with acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: The effect of body mass index (BMI) on the treatment outcomes of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unclear and needs further evaluation.

Methods: Children with AML (n = 314) who were enrolled in 4 consecutive St. Jude protocols were grouped according to BMI (underweight, <5th percentile; healthy weight, 5th to 85th percentile; and overweight/obese, ≥ 85th percentile).

Establishing the use of body mass index as an indicator of nutrition risk in children with cancer.

Background: The negative health consequences of malnutrition in the pediatric oncology patient are well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of body mass index (BMI) for age as a tool to prospectively identify pediatric cancer patients at risk for malnutrition and to determine the BMI percentile that would be required to identify at-risk patients.

Methods: This study was conducted by a retrospective chart review of 1839 newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients at St.

Octreotide therapy of pediatric hypothalamic obesity: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Hypothalamic obesity is a devastating complication in children surviving brain tumors and/or cranial irradiation. These subjects are thought to exhibit autonomic dysregulation of the beta-cell, with insulin hypersecretion in response to oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). We report the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of octreotide therapy for pediatric hypothalamic obesity.

Energy expenditure in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Prior studies suggest that patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for malignancy have nutritional needs that are greater than their estimated needs. To determine whether energy estimation equations accurately predict energy expenditure of pediatric patients undergoing HSCT, we prospectively compared the estimated energy expenditure (EEE) and measured energy expenditure (MEE) of 40 patients at four time-points. We also investigated whether energy requirements changed during the transplant period.

Comparison of energy estimation equations with measured energy expenditure in obese adolescent patients with cancer.

Obesity is increasing in the US adolescent population. As the number of obese adolescents increases, obesity is becoming a more frequent problem in the hospital setting, sometimes causing patients to have complicated and prolonged hospital stays. Calculation of the energy requirements of obese adolescent patients with chronic diseases such as cancer is complicated by increased energy requirements as a result of disease state and growth.

Algorithm for nutritional support: experience of the Metabolic and Infusion Support Service of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.

The Metabolic and Infusion Support Service (MISS) at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital was established in 1988 to improve the quality of nutritional support given to children undergoing therapy for cancer. This multidisciplinary group, representing each of the clinical services within the hospital, provides a range of services to all patients requiring full enteral or parenteral nutritional support.

Enteral nutrition support in a child after bone marrow transplantation.

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been associated with numerous negative side effects, which include prolonged anorexia. Historically, parenteral nutrition has been the method of choice for nutrition support. The possibility that enteral feedings may be a practical form of nutrition therapy for those BMT patients who have prolonged anorexia and who have adequate gastrointestinal function was investigated.