Wafer-Scale Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous Silicon and Silica by Active Nanoparticle-Assisted Chemical Etching and Pseudomorphic Thermal Oxidation.

Many biological materials exhibit a multiscale porosity with small, mostly nanoscale pores as well as large, macroscopic capillaries to simultaneously achieve optimized mass transport capabilities and lightweight structures with large inner surfaces. Realizing such a hierarchical porosity in artificial materials necessitates often sophisticated and expensive top-down processing that limits scalability. Here, an approach that combines self-organized porosity based on metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) with photolithographically induced macroporosity for the synthesis of single-crystalline silicon with a bimodal pore-size distribution is presented, i.

Characterization of the contributions of Hp-MMP 9 to the serum acute phase protein response of lipopolysaccharide challenged calves.

Background: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a costly feature of modern cattle production. Early and accurate detection of BRD may prove useful in the successful management of this disease. The primary objective of the study was to define the time course of covalent complexes of neutrophil, haptoglobin (Hp) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Hp-MMP 9) in serum after intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in comparison to traditional markers.

Effective temperatures of hot Brownian motion.

We derive generalized Langevin equations for the translational and rotational motion of a heated Brownian particle from the fluctuating hydrodynamics of its nonisothermal solvent. The temperature gradient around the particle couples to the hydrodynamic modes excited by the particle itself so that the resulting noise spectrum is governed by a frequency-dependent temperature. We show how the effective temperatures at which the particle coordinates and (angular) velocities appear to be thermalized emerge from this central quantity.

Effect of intrauterine dextrose or antibiotic therapy on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows diagnosed with clinical endometritis.

The objectives of this study were to assess the responses to treatments (clinical cure and cow survival 14 d posttherapy) of cows with clinical endometritis (CE) that received intrauterine infusion of a hypertonic solution of 50% dextrose (DEX) or subcutaneous ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) and subsequent pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) in cows with CE compared with cows without CE. Cows (n=760) from 2 dairy herds were screened for CE using vaginoscopy and measurement of cervix diameters [exam 1; 26±3 d in milk (DIM)]. Cows with vaginal discharge scores of 2 or 3 (scale 0-3) were stratified by parity and randomly allocated into 1 of 3 treatment groups: (1) intrauterine infusion (∼200 mL) of 50% DEX solution (n=79); (2) 6.

Abomasal impaction in captive bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus).

Fatal abomasal impaction, often combined with omasal impaction, was diagnosed in 11 bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus) from five different zoologic collections in the United States between 1981 and 2009. Nine of 11 cases occurred in young females (10 mo-7 yr old) and typical clinical signs prior to diagnosis or death included partial or complete anorexia, dehydration, and scant fecal production. Although the clinical histories in several of the earlier cases are incomplete, clinical signs were known to begin shortly after an anesthetic event in five of 11 bongo (45%).

Hot brownian motion.

We derive the markovian description for the nonequilibrium brownian motion of a heated nanoparticle in a simple solvent with a temperature-dependent viscosity. Our analytical results for the generalized fluctuation-dissipation and Stokes-Einstein relations compare favorably with measurements of laser-heated gold nanoparticles and provide a practical rational basis for emerging photothermal tracer and nanoparticle trapping and tracking techniques.

Serum haptoglobin-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Hp-MMP 9) complex as a biomarker of systemic inflammation in cattle.

A reliable and specific test that discriminates between acute neutrophil activation and chronic inflammatory disease may be useful in clinical decision making in a variety of conditions encountered in veterinary medical practice. An ELISA specific for neutrophil-derived haptoglobin-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Hp-MMP 9) complexes was used to determine serum concentrations of Hp-MMP 9 and was compared to ELISA assays for Haptoglobin (Hp) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP 9) in 15 animals with acute sepsis, 10 animals with chronic inflammatory or metabolic disease and 10 healthy cows. Animal disease classifications were completed prior to the determination of serum concentrations of the 3 proteins.

Combination of bilateral metal stenting and trans-stent photodynamic therapy for palliative treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Endoscopic biliary drainage is the mainstay of palliative treatment in patients with unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction. While self-expandable metal stents have shown significant advantages in distal tumors, bilateral hilar stenting is technically demanding. Moreover, ingrowth is a significant problem in uncovered stents.

Correlation of serum cardiac troponin I and myocardial damage in cattle with monensin toxicosis.

Background: Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is used as a biomarker of myocardial injury in people and small animals. Little is known about the diagnostic use of cTnI in cattle.

Hypothesis: Serum cTnI correlates to myocardial function and histopathologic lesions in cattle with monensin-induced myocardial injury.

Hot brownian particles and photothermal correlation spectroscopy.

We introduce a new technique to measure tracer dynamics, which is sensitive to single metal nanoparticles down to a radius of 2.5 nm with a time resolution of a few microseconds. It is based on a fluctuation analysis of a heterodyne photothermal scattering signal emanating from the hot halo around the laser-heated tracer.

Hematuria and transitional cell papilloma of the renal pelvis treated via unilateral nephrectomy in an alpaca.

Case Description: An 11-year-old 72-kg (158-lb) sexually intact female alpaca was examined for diagnosis and treatment of hematuria of 4 months' duration.

Clinical Findings: Pigmenturia was detected by the owner when the alpaca was 8 months pregnant. Radiographic, ultrasonographic, vaginal speculum, and cystoscopic evaluation of the urinary tract revealed normal vaginal and urethral epithelia and increased bladder vessel tortuosity, with pulses of hemorrhage from the left ureter.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection: induction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in the gnotobiotic swine model of PCV2-associated disease.

Groups (5 to 15 per group) of gnotobiotic swine were infected oronasally with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) at 3 days of age and then given 1 of 6 different commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) bacterins as either a single dose (7 d of age, 1 application products) or 2 doses (7 and 21 d of age, 2 application product). Control groups received PCV2 alone (n = 9) or were infected with PCV2 and immunized twice with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (ICFA) (n = 7).

Experimental induction of bacterial gastritis and gastric ulcer disease in gnotobiotic swine inoculated with porcine Helicobacter-like species.

Objective: To determine whether 2 isolates of recently isolated swine-origin Helicobacter pylori-like bacteria are pathogenic in pigs and compare the signs of gastric disease induced by these isolates with those detected in H pylori- and Helicobacter heilmannii-infected pigs.

Animals: 36 neonatal gnotobiotic pigs.

Procedure: Groups of separately housed pigs were inoculated orally with swine-origin Helicobacter-like isolates 2662 or 1268, H pylori (human gastric pathogen), or a gastric homogenate from gnotobiotic swine containing H heilmannii.

Infection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in five alpacas.

Among the population of an alpaca breeding farm, 5 alpacas (22 days to 14 months old) developed focal swellings in the subcutaneous tissues of the head or neck. Infection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was confirmed on the basis of results of microbial culture of abscess material and a serum hemolysis inhibition assay to detect C. pseudotuberculosis toxin.

Clostridial disease associated with neurologic signs: tetanus, botulism, and enterotoxemia.

Clostridial infections are found worldwide in almost all species of animals and may involve a variety of body systems and present with a diversity of clinical signs. Most damage done through clostridial infections is due to the action of toxins released from the bacteria.Thus, disease caused by Clostridium spp should more correctly be called intoxication.

Activation of the immune system is the pivotal event in the production of wasting disease in pigs infected with porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2).

Porcine circovirus (PCV)-2, a newly described single-stranded circular DNA virus pathogen of swine is the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In gnotobiotic piglets, PCV-2 infection alone produces asymptomatic infection without evidence of overt PMWS. Gnotobiotic piglets infected with PCV-2 were injected with keyhole limpet hemocyanin in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (KLH/ICFA), and the effects on virus production and development of PMWS were determined.

Synovial fluid analysis in cattle: a review of 130 cases.

Objective: To compare synovial fluid characteristics of cattle with infectious and noninfectious arthritis.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Animal Or Sample Population: 130 cattle.

Determination of serum insulin concentration during intravenous glucose tolerance testing of healthy bulls.

Objective: To determine the insulin response curve during IV glucose tolerance testing of mature Holstein bulls.

Animals: 8 Holstein bulls between 5 and 8 years old and weighing between 911.5 and 1035.

Lymphosarcoma of the frontal sinus and nasal passage in a cow.

A 5-year-old cow was evaluated because of a 2-week history of ataxia and other vague neurologic signs. Previous treatments included intravenous and orally administered calcium, but improvement was not seen. Bilateral mucoserous nasal discharge and a pair of firm, smooth masses caudodorsal to the eyes were found on the frontal bones on physical examination.

Production of gastroesophageal erosions and ulcers (GEU) in gnotobiotic swine monoinfected with fermentative commensal bacteria and fed high-carbohydrate diet.

Erosions and gastroesophageal ulcers (GEU) were produced in the pars esophagea of young gnotobiotic swine fed a carbohydrate-enriched liquid diet and monoinfected with two different fermentative commensal bacteria, Lactobacillus and Bacillus sp. In contrast, piglets, fed a similar diet and inoculated with Gastrospirillum sp. (Helicobacter heilmannii), a helicobacter species that colonizes the gastric mucosa, did not develop GEU.

Intussusception in cattle: 336 cases (1964-1993).

Objective: To evaluate risk factors and to describe clinical and laboratory findings, surgical management, and postoperative outcome for cattle with intussusception.

Design: Hospital-based, case-control epidemiologic study and retrospective case series.

Sample Population: Medical records of cattle admitted to 17 veterinary medical teaching hospitals in North America.

Survival of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and preservation of immunoglobulin G in bovine colostrum under experimental conditions simulating pasteurization.

Objective: To determine whether Mycobacterium paratuberculosis could survive in colostrum after pasteurization. Additionally, this study investigated the effect pasteurization had on IgG concentration in colostrum.

Animals: Colostrum samples were collected from cattle (beef and dairy) owned by the state of Ohio.

Prevalence of lesions associated with subclinical laminitis in first-lactation cows from herds with high milk production.

Objective: To determine prevalence of lesions associated with subclinical laminitis in first-lactation Holstein cows during early lactation and pregnant Holstein heifers during late gestation in herds with high milk production.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Animals: 203 cattle in 13 herbs.

Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from colostrum and milk of subclinically infected cows.

Mycobacterial culture was performed on colostrum, milk, and feces from 126 clinically normal cows of a single herd with high prevalence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection. Thirty-six (28.6%) cows were determined to be shedding the organism in the feces.