The Effect of Short-Term Acute Residential Treatment on Psychiatric Rehospitalization.

Short-Term Acute Residential Treatment (START) homes, located in the community and operating in noninstitutional atmospheres, seek to reduce rehospitalization. This report investigates whether these homes reduced rates and duration of subsequent inpatient stays in psychiatric hospitals. For 107 patients treated in START homes after psychiatric hospitalization, we compared the number and duration of psychiatric hospitalizations before and after their START stay.

People with serious mental illness are at higher risk for acute care hospitalization in Israel, 2000-2019.

Background: People with severe mental disorders have higher mortality rates and more chronic physical conditions than the general population. Recent reforms in the Israeli mental health system included reducing the number of psychiatric hospital beds ("Structural Reform"), establishing community- based rehabilitation services ("Rehabilitation Reform"), and the transfer of governmental responsibility to the Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) ("Insurance Reform"). We examined how these changes have impacted the physical health of people with severe mental illness as reflected in acute care hospitalizations.

COVID-19 and severe mental illness in Israel: testing, infection, hospitalization, mortality and vaccination rates in a countrywide study.

Previous studies on psychiatric patients infected with COVID-19 have reported a more severe course of disease and higher rates of mortality compared with the general population. This cohort study linked Israeli national databases including all individuals ever hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder (cases), and COVID-19 testing, infection, hospitalization, mortality, and vaccinations, between March 1 2020 and March 31 2021. Cases were 125,273 individuals aged 18 and above ever hospitalized in a psychiatric facility (ICD-10 F10-F69 or F90-F99), compared to the total population, n = 6,143,802.

Association of Genetic and Environmental Factors With Autism in a 5-Country Cohort.

Importance: The origins and development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain unresolved. No individual-level study has provided estimates of additive genetic, maternal, and environmental effects in ASD across several countries.

Objective: To estimate the additive genetic, maternal, and environmental effects in ASD.

Understanding the association between advanced paternal age and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Background: Previous studies reported an association between advanced paternal age at birth and increased risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While some hypothesize that this association is caused by de-novo mutations in paternal spermatozoa, others cite factors associated with psycho-social characteristics of fathers who have children at a late age. This study aims to test these hypotheses.

Association of maternal exposure to terror attacks during pregnancy and the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring: A population-based study.

This study tested the hypothesis that maternal exposure to terror attacks during pregnancy is associated with the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. A population-based study was conducted of Israeli children born between 1975 and 1995 and that were registered in the Ministry of Interior and followed up in the Ministry of Health from birth to 2015 for the risk of schizophrenia (N = 201,048). The association between maternal exposure to terror attacks during pregnancy and the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring was quantified with relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) fitting Cox regression models unadjusted and adjusted for confounders.

Risk of hospitalization for psychiatric disorders among siblings and parents of probands with psychotic or affective disorders: A population-based study.

Relatives of people diagnosed with psychotic and affective disorders have a higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders compared to the general population. This study examined the risk of hospitalization for psychiatric disorders among siblings and parents of patients affected with major psychiatric disorders. In this large population-based case-control study, 17,895 siblings and parents of 7671 hospitalized subjects with a diagnosis of narrowly defined schizophrenia (SZ), broadly defined SZ, schizoaffective disorder (SAD), bipolar disorder (BD) or unipolar depression (UD) were identified from the Israeli Psychiatric Hospitalization Registry and compared to 71,580 age and gender-matched controls from the Israeli Population Registry.

A Population-Based Longitudinal Study of Symptoms and Signs Before the Onset of Psychosis.

Objective: The authors sought to characterize the symptoms of patients later hospitalized for psychotic disorders in primary mental health outpatient settings, and to investigate whether these symptoms can be used to predict later onset of psychotic illness.

Method: This was a population-based historical prospective cohort study using national registers of clinical psychiatric services. The sample (N=114,983) comprised 18- to 21-year-olds serving in the Israeli military and examined in military mental health outpatient clinics across 72 consecutive months.

Transgenerational effects of genocide exposure on the risk and course of schizophrenia: A population-based study.

Background: Hypotheses about the sequel of parental genocide exposures on the offspring's risk and course of schizophrenia remain untested.

Aims: To test hypotheses related to the transgenerational transmission of parental genocide exposure on the risk and course of schizophrenia.

Methods: Data were extracted from the National Population Register on all offspring (N=51.

A Nation-Wide Study on the Percentage of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Patients Who Earn Minimum Wage or Above.

Objective: Although it is undisputable that patients with severe mental illness have impaired ability to work, the extent of this is unclear. This is a nation-wide, cross-sectional survey of patients who have been hospitalized with severe mental illness earning minimum wage or above.

Method: Data from the Israeli Psychiatric Hospitalization Case Registry were linked with nation-wide data from the National Insurance Institute (the equivalent of US Social Security) on personal income.

The association between negative symptoms, psychotic experiences and later schizophrenia: a population-based longitudinal study.

Background: Psychotic experiences are common in the general population, and predict later psychotic illness. Much less is known about negative symptoms in the general population.

Method: This study utilized a sample of 4,914 Israel-born individuals aged 25-34 years who were screened for psychopathology in the 1980's.

The effects of pre-natal-, early-life- and indirectly-initiated exposures to maximum adversities on the course of schizophrenia.

Background: The effects of pre-natal-, early-life- and indirectly-initiated exposures to protracted maximum adversity on the course of schizophrenia are unknown.

Aims: To compare the aforementioned Holocaust directly exposed subgroups with an indirectly exposed subgroup on the course of schizophrenia.

Method: The study population were: Israeli Jews in-uterus or born in Nazi-occupied or dominated European nations by the end of the persecution of the Jews, who were alive in 1950, and who had a last discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia in the Israel National Psychiatric Case Registry by 2013 (N=4933).

Longitudinal association between epilepsy and schizophrenia: a population-based study.

A large number of studies have reported an association between epilepsy and major psychiatric conditions. This study investigated the association between epilepsy and later schizophrenia, utilizing a historical-prospective, population-based design. Of the 861,062 17-year-old male adolescents consecutively screened by the Israeli Draft Board and found free of major mental illness, 0.

Do psychiatric registries include all persons with schizophrenia in the general population? A population-based longitudinal study.

Background: Psychiatric hospitalization registries are utilized to investigate the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia for both research and administrative purposes. The assumption behind this is that most individuals with schizophrenia will be hospitalized at least once in their life-time.

Method: In an epidemiological survey conducted in the 1980s, a population-based sample (n = 4914) of Israel-born individuals then aged 25-34 were screened in the community, and 29 (0.

Self-reported attenuated psychotic symptoms as forerunners of severe mental disorders later in life.

Context: It has been suggested that attenuated psychotic symptoms (APSs) reported by people who do not have psychotic disorders signal risk for later severe mental illness.

Objective: To investigate this suggestion using follow-up assessments of hospitalization for clinical diagnoses of nonaffective psychotic and other psychiatric disorders.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study of self-reported APSs with outcome assessment of severe mental illness obtained through linkage with a national hospitalization case registry.

The relationship between risk of hospitalization for schizophrenia, SES, and cognitive functioning.

Although most studies find low socioeconomic status (SES) to be associated with prevalence of schizophrenia, incidence studies do not generally support this, and some even report an inverse association. The objective of the current historical prospective study was to examine the relationship between SES, cognitive functioning, and risk of hospitalization for schizophrenia in a population-based sample of Israeli adolescents. Subjects were 811 487 adolescents, assessed by the Israeli military draft board for socio-demographic factors and cognitive functioning.

CNS infection in childhood does not confer risk for later schizophrenia: a case-control study.

Objective: The hypothesized role of CNS infection during childhood in increasing later risk of brain malfunction manifested as schizophrenia has been supported by some but not other studies. We sought to contribute to this debate by linking data on persons who had been hospitalized for meningitis as children, with a National Psychiatric Hospitalization Registry.

Method: Data were gathered on 3599 persons who had been hospitalized for a CNS infection before the age of 16, and 6371 controls who had been hospitalized as children for gastroenteritis.

Effect of implementing dental services in Israeli psychiatric hospitals on the oral and dental health of inpatients.

Objective: Psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, mood disorders, and organic brain disorders) and their treatment may lead to oral diseases, but assessment of dental status and oral care needs among patients with these disorders is lacking. This study reports changes in dental health and oral care needs of psychiatric inpatients after 1998, when psychiatric hospitals in Israel were required to provide regular dental examinations and treatment for every inpatient hospitalized longer than a year.

Methods: Two epidemiological cohorts from 1997 and 2006 representing long-term psychiatric inpatients before (N=431) and after (N=254) the reform of dental services were compared on the standardized criteria of the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index scores and DMFT component scores, as well as on the use of and need for dentures.

Dysthymia in male adolescents is associated with increased risk of later hospitalization for psychotic disorders: a historical-prospective cohort study.

Aim: Retrospective studies indicate that patients with psychotic disorders and schizophrenia often suffer from depressive symptoms before the onset of psychosis. In a historical-prospective design, we studied the association between dysthymia in adolescence and later hospitalization for psychotic disorders and schizophrenia.

Methods: The Israeli Draft Board screens the entire, unselected population of 16-17 years old male adolescents for psychiatric disorders.