Low serum lipase levels in mothers of children with stunted growth indicate the possibility of low calcium absorption during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study in North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Stunting is caused by various factors, including low nutritional intake in the first two years of life. This study aimed to investigate the differences in sociodemographic factors and mineral, vitamin, and enzyme parameters in mothers associated with the occurrence of stunting in children. We conducted a cross-sectional study from September to November 2020 on North Sumatra Island, Indonesia.

Finding a Link between Obesity and Senescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cell aging is associated with changes in telomeres due to DNA damage arising from chronic inflammation in obese patients. The aim of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to find the relationship between obesity and aging or senescence.

Methods: The systematic review was conducted through PRISMA guideline, beginning with literature search within 2012-2022 in several databases (PubMed, EBSCOHost, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane) followed by screening process using predetermined PICO criteria.

Educational Model and Prevention on Prediabetes: A Systematic Review.

Background: Prediabetes is a reversible condition before the onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Untreated condition of prediabetes will develop into diabetes and its complications. The prevalence of prediabetes has been emerging worldwide and has a considerable socioeconomic impact.

Factors Affecting the Outcomes of COVID-19 in Diabetes Patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, Indonesia.

Background: COVID-19 is a virulent viral infection by SARS-CoV-2 which caused pandemic and high mortality. One of the numerous risk factors for worse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients is the presence of comorbidity. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease frequently in COVID-19 patients.

Citizens' perception of and willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination in Medan. Indonesia.

One of the efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic is through vaccination, which is targeted to build immunity and prevent severe disease and finally to control transmission. This study aimed to analyze the perception of and the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among citizens of Medan. This research is an analytic study with a cross-sectional research design.

What Contributes to Palliative Care Practice in Cancer Patients in Indonesia.

Background: Palliative care has an important role in cancer treatment. It has been established in Indonesia for years, however, palliative care does not give significant improvements which may due to the numerous components of palliative care.

Objective: This research aims to identify factors affecting palliative care in Indonesia.

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Patients.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally elevated levels of blood glucose. The hyperglycemic condition is caused by abnormalities in either insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Two-thirds of diabetes-related deaths are caused by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Risk of Cardiovascular Complication Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Medan, Indonesia. A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a disease associated with impaired heart and blood vessel function. The occurrence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is due to an imbalance in blood glucose that could cause damage to large and small blood vessels and increase platelet aggregation, contributing to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. It could be attributed to high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of movement, obesity, high cholesterol, unbalanced diet.

Curcumin: Boosting the immunity of COVID-19-vaccinated populations.

The ongoing, highly infectious COVID-19 pandemic has prompted various drugs, vaccines, and phytochemical research to control the disease. The accelerated development of vaccines showed the importance of immune boosters against the virus. This study aims to elucidate the role of curcumin, a phytochemical with an immunoediting profile potentially able to boost immunity after vaccination.

The Effect of Hypoxia Inducible Factor -1 Alpha and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Level in Type 2 Diabetes Microvascular Complications and Development.

Background: Angiogenesis in diabetic patients is often caused by hyperglycemia induced by hypoxia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the serum level of Hypoxia Inducible Factor -1α (HIF-1α) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) between March until Desember 2020.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytic methods, 135 patients with Type 2 Diabetes 48 samples with Microvascular complication and 87 samples with non-microvascular complication were recruited from the various primary health care centers in Medan city and surrounding areas in North Sumatera.

Early detection of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study.

Macrovascular complications occur very frequently in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a high mortality rate, due to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as stroke, atherosclerosis acceleration, and atrial fibrillation. T2DM is a significant risk factor for CVD and has become the leading cause of death. The purpose of this study was to detect the early risk of macrovascular complications by using the ankle brachial index (ABI) as a marker.

Positive Correlation Between General Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 Outbreak 1 Month After First Cases Reported in Indonesia.

The increasing number cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infections in the general population in Indonesia raises questions concerning the public's knowledge and attitudes regarding this pandemic. To determine the correlation between the general public's knowledge and attitudes regarding the COVID-19 outbreak 1 month after the first cases were reported in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was conducted between early March and the end of April 2020 in the general population of Indonesia, beginning with the North Sumatra region, where the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia began.

The Difference of Educational Effectiveness Using Presentation Slide Method with Video About Prevention of Hypertension on Increasing Knowledge and Attitude in People with the Hypertension Risk in Amplas Health Center.

Background: The prevalence of prehypertension in the world reaches 20-25% with a figure that is still high in Indonesia (48.4%). The role of health promotion is substantial in an effort of prevention and treatment of hypertension.

Diabetic Neuropathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Amplas Primary Health Care in Medan City.

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most complicated complications of diabetes patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy based on Clinical Neurological Examination (CNE) and the factors that influence the occurrence of diabetic neuropathy in Type 2 DM patients at Amplas Primary Health Care (PHC) in Medan City.

Methods: The research design was descriptive-analytic with the cross-sectional approach.

Validity and Reliability of an Instrument for Assessing Self-Care Behaviours in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in Binjai City, Indonesia.

Background: Self-care behaviour becomes very important for diabetic patients; good self-care behaviour will prevent complications and improving the quality of life.

Aim: The aim of this study was to provide a preliminary assessment of the validity and reliability of a new measure of self-care behaviour of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.

Methods: The research was a cross-sectional study.

Stroke among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia.

Background: Increasing Blood Sugar Level (BSL) in Diabetes Meletus can be various microvascular and macrovascular changes, in the end, will cause complications. The complications can occur in some organs, such as the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidney, and nerves. Stroke is one of the complications from diabetes that is increasing in every year.

Red Dragon Fruit () Extract Decreases Lactic Acid Level and Creatine Kinase Activity in Rats Receiving Heavy Physical Exercise.

Background: Heavy physical exercise causes relative hypoxia. In hypoxic condition, the cell's energy comes from anaerobic metabolism that produces lactic acid. An increment of oxygen need leads to ischemia-reperfusion, triggers free radical formation and damages muscles.

The effect of red-fleshed pitaya ( ) on heat shock protein 70 and cortisol expression in strenuous exercise induced rats.

Oxidative stress from exercise can contribute to damaging cells, increasing heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and suppressing the immune system in the body. This research aimed to determine the antioxidant potential of red-fleshed pitaya extract on HSP70 and cortisol expression in rats which were subjected to strenuous exercise. The subjects of this research were 32 Sprague Dawley male rats, aged 3 months, with an average weight of 200 g.

The Model of Self Care Behaviour and the Relationship with Quality Of Life, Metabolic Control and Lipid Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Binjai City, Indonesia.

Background: Diabetes is a type of chronic disease with exceptional medical care for a patient's lifetime, which ultimately requires lifestyle and behavioural adjustments to prevent complications to death. Patients with good self-care behaviour will cause diabetes to be controlled to avoid complications to death and make patients have a better quality of life.

Aim: This study aims (1) to determine the model of self-care behaviour in Type 2 diabetes patients in Binjai City (2) to analyse the effect of self-care behaviour on quality of life, metabolic control and lipid control of Type 2 diabetes patients in Binjai City.

The Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education on Hba1c Level and Fasting Blood Sugar in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Primary Health Care in Binjai City of North Sumatera, Indonesia.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term diabetes self-management education (DSME) on Hba1and Fasting Blood Sugar in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the Primary Health Care (PHC) in Binjai city of North Sumatera, Indonesia.

Subjects And Methods: A quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest) study was conducted in 4 PHCs, involving 80 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patients in received a 3-months intervention, including an 8 week education on self- management of diabetes mellitus and subsequent 4 weeks of practice of the self- management guidelines.