Serum Concentrations of Folate Forms Following Supplementation of Multimicronutrients with 400 µg or 800 µg Mix of (6S)-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and Folic Acid (1:1) in Women of Childbearing Age.

Scope: A mixture of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate-calcium salt ((6S)-5-MTHF-Ca) and folic acid (FA) from multimicronutrient supplements may show a dose-dependent effect on serum folate concentrations.

Methods And Results: The study compares fasting concentrations of serum folate spices after 8 weeks of either 400 or 800 µg day of 1:1 folate mixture in 172 nonpregnant women. Serum (6S)-5-MTHF concentrations raise from a mean (SD) of 19.

Novel Role of 5-Methyl-(6S)-Tetrahydrofolate in Mediating Endothelial Cell Tetrahydrobiopterin in Pregnancy and Implications for Gestational Hypertension.

Background: Folate intake during pregnancy is essential for fetal development and maternal health. However, the specific effects of folic acid (FA) and 5-methyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) on the prevention and treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain unclear. We investigated whether FA and 5-MTHF have different effects on endothelial cell tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) metabolism in pregnancy and the possible consequences for endothelial NO generation, maternal blood pressure, and fetal growth.

Diagnosis, Treatment and Long-Term Management of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Adults: A Delphi Expert Consensus.

: Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause variable symptoms, which may be irreversible if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. We aimed to develop a widely accepted expert consensus to guide the practice of diagnosing and treating B12 deficiency. : We conducted a scoping review of the literature published in PubMed since January 2003.

Plasma Concentrations of Trimethylamine-N-Oxide, Choline, and Betaine in Patients With Moderate to Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Relation to Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes.

Objectives: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut bacteria-mediated liver metabolite of dietary betaine, choline, and carnitine, which is excreted by glomerular filtration. We studied whether TMAO is excreted by cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: Among 478 patients with CKD stage G2 (n = 104), G3a (n = 163), G3b (n = 123), and G4 (n = 88), we studied the association between fasting plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline, or betaine at baseline and kidney function, prevalent CVD, and future renal outcomes during a mean follow-up of 5.

A Narrative Review on Maternal Choline Intake and Liver Function of the Fetus and the Infant; Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice.

Dietary choline is needed to maintain normal health, including normal liver function in adults. Fatty liver induced by a choline-deficient diet has been consistently observed in human and animal studies. The effect of insufficient choline intake on hepatic fat accumulation is specific and reversible when choline is added to the diet.

Choline - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.

Choline is an essential nutrient with metabolic roles as a methyl donor in one carbon metabolism and as a precursor for membrane phospholipids and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Choline content is particularly high in liver, eggs, and wheat germ, although it is present in a variety of foods. The main dietary sources of choline in the Nordic and Baltic countries are meat, dairy, eggs, and grain.

Advancing nutrition science to meet evolving global health needs.

Populations in crisis!A global overview of health challenges and policy efforts within the scope of current nutrition issues, from persistent forms of undernutrition, including micronutrient deficiency, to diet-related chronic diseases. Nutrition science has evolved from a therapeutic and prevention emphasis to include a focus on diets and food systems. Working and consensus definitions are needed, as well as guidance related to healthy diets and the emerging issues that require further research and consensus building.

ELOVL2-methylation and renal and cardiovascular event in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Methylation of the Elongation Of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids-Like 2 (ELOVL2) gene promoter may predict premature ageing and cardiovascular risk.

Methods: We studied the cross-sectional associations between blood ELOVL2-methylation and cardiovascular risk factors in 350 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage G2-G4 aged between 22 and 90 years. In a follow-up study for a mean of 3.

Association between diabetes and thiamine status - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential cofactor in glucose metabolism, but it remains unclear whether thiamine status is lower in individuals with diabetes compared to individuals with normal glucose metabolism.

Aims: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to study whether the circulating concentrations of various thiamine analytes differ between people with and those without diabetes.

Methods: PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched according to the study protocol.

Infants' Folate Markers and Postnatal Growth in the First 4 Months of Life in Relation to Breastmilk and Maternal Plasma Folate.

Background: Human milk is the sole source of folate in exclusively breastfed infants. We investigated whether human milk folate or maternal plasma folate are associated with infants' folate status and postnatal growth in the first 4 months of life.

Methods: Exclusively breastfed infants (n = 120) were recruited at age < 1 month (baseline).

Infant blood concentrations of folate markers and catabolites are modified by 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T genotype and dietary folate source.

Background: Folate intake and polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene may affect folate metabolism in infants.

Objectives: We investigated the association between infant's MTHFR C677T genotype, the dietary folate source, and concentrations of folate markers in the blood.

Methods: We studied 110 breastfed infants (reference) and 182 infants who were randomly assigned to receive infant formulas enriched with either 78 μg folic acid or 81 μg (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) per 100 g milk powder for 12 wk.

An exploratory study on the effect of choline and folate deficiency on levels of vascularization proteins and transcription factors in first trimester trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells.

Aims: We studied the effect of choline and folate deficiencies on levels of predetermined placental proteins during early development.

Methods: We incubated HTR-8/SVneo cells under choline and folate deficiency conditions and measured levels of some placental proteins using ELISA methods.

Results: Concentrations of LRP2 protein in cell lysates were higher in cells incubated in choline and folate deficient media compared to the control media (mean [SD] = 2.

Concentrations of Soluble Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (sACE2) in Children and Adults with and without COVID-19.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, leads to illness and death. Various risk factors for a severe course, such as higher age, male gender and pre-existing illnesses are known. However, pathophysiological risk factors are largely unclear.

[Folate, Choline, and Vitamin B12 Supplementation for Pre-Conceptional and Pregnant Women].

Folate, Choline, and Vitamin B12 Supplementation for Pre-Conceptional and Pregnant Women Inadequate maternal folate status is associated with higher risk of neural tube defects. The threshold for a good supply of folate (e.g.

High Plasma Vitamin B12 and Cancer in Human Studies: A Scoping Review to Judge Causality and Alternative Explanations.

Patients with cancer have been reported to show elevated plasma concentrations of vitamin B12, thus causing uncertainties regarding safety of vitamin B12. We conducted a systematic literature search and a scoping review of human studies published in PubMed between January 2005 and March 2022, to investigate the association between vitamin B12 (concentrations of B12 biomarkers, intake, and genetic determinants) and cancer. Except for liver cancer, the association between plasma vitamin B12 concentrations and cancer was not consistent across the studies.

Association between Maternal Choline, Fetal Brain Development, and Child Neurocognition: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Studies.

We studied associations between prenatal and early postnatal choline intake, brain development, and neurocognitive function of children. We conducted a systematic review followed by a meta-analysis and critical appraisal of human studies published from 1997 to 2021. Thirty publications were identified.

Habitual Choline Intakes across the Childbearing Years: A Review.

Choline is an important nutrient during the first 1000 days post conception due to its roles in brain function. An increasing number of studies have measured choline intakes at the population level. We collated the evidence focusing on habitual choline intakes in the preconceptual, pregnancy, and lactation life stages.

Imbalanced Folate and Vitamin B12 in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy and its Association with Birthweight and Child Growth up to 2 Years.

Scope: Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy may lead to an imbalance when vitamin B12 intake is low (folate trap) and may affect child's growth.

Methods: The authors study the association between third trimester maternal intakes of folate and B12 and birthweight and postnatal growth of 2632 infants from the KOALA Birth Cohort Study. Plasma vitamin biomarkers are measured in 1219 women.

Maternal plasma choline and betaine in late pregnancy and child growth up to age 8 years in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study.

Background: Sufficient choline and betaine during pregnancy are needed for fetal growth and development.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal plasma choline and betaine in the third trimester of pregnancy and child growth from birth up to 8 years of age.

Methods: Concentrations of choline and betaine were measured in plasma of 1331 pregnant women from the KOALA (Kind, Ouders en gezondheid: Aandacht voor Leefstijl en Aanleg) Birth Cohort Study in the Netherlands.

The role of biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.

The present demographic changes toward an aging society caused a rise in the number of senior citizens and the incidence and burden of age-related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases [CVD], cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD], diabetes mellitus, and dementia), of which nearly half is attributable to the population ≥60 years of age. Deficiencies in individual nutrients have been associated with increased risks for age-related diseases and high intakes and/or blood concentrations with risk reduction. Nutrition in general and the dietary intake of essential and nonessential biofactors is a major determinant of human health, the risk to develop age-related diseases, and ultimately of mortality in the older population.

The Kynurenine Pathway Is Upregulated by Methyl-deficient Diet and Changes Are Averted by Probiotics.

Scope: Probiotics exert immunomodulatory effects and may influence tryptophan metabolism in the host. Deficiency of nutrients related to C1 metabolism might stimulate inflammation by enhancing the kynurenine pathway. This study used Sprague Dawley rats to investigate whether a methyl-deficient diet (MDD) may influence tryptophan/kynurenine pathways and cytokines and whether probiotics can mitigate these effects.

Vegan Diet and Bone Health-Results from the Cross-Sectional RBVD Study.

Scientific evidence suggests that a vegan diet might be associated with impaired bone health. Therefore, a cross-sectional study ( = 36 vegans, = 36 omnivores) was used to investigate the associations of veganism with calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements, along with the investigation of differences in the concentrations of nutrition- and bone-related biomarkers between vegans and omnivores. This study revealed lower levels in the QUS parameters in vegans compared to omnivores, e.

Association between neuropathy and B-vitamins: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is common in patients with diseases that are in turn associated with deficiency of the B-vitamins, and vitamin treatment has shown mixed results.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis studied the association between PN/pain and B-vitamin biomarkers and investigated whether vitamin treatment can ameliorate the symptoms. PubMed and Web of Science were searched according to the study protocol.

Determinants of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 concentrations in adult patients with complex congenital heart disease.

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is known to be a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in the current pandemic. Soluble ACE2 (sACE2) concentrations are elevated in patients with various cardiovascular disorders including heart failure.

Methods: In a total of 182 consecutive adult patients with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) and 63 healthy controls, sACE2 concentrations were measured in serum using the Human ACE2 assay by Cloud-Clone Corporation and associated with clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic parameters.

Pharmacokinetics of Sodium and Calcium Salts of (6S)-5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid Compared to Folic Acid and Indirect Comparison of the Two Salts.

(6S)-5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid ((6S)-5-Methyl-THF) salts and folic acid may differ in their abilities to raise plasma (6S)-5-Methyl-THF levels. We compared the area under the curve (AUC), C, and T of plasma (6S)-5-Methyl-THF after intakes of (6S)-5-Methyl-THF-Na salt (Arcofolin) and folic acid. Moreover, we compared the AUCs after intakes of (6S)-5-Methyl-THF-Na and the calcium salt, (6S)-5-Methyl-THF-Ca, that were tested against folic acid in two independent studies.