Evaluation of Ictal Consciousness in Temporal and Extra Temporal Epilepsy: Observations from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India.

Background And Purpose: Differences in consciousness during seizures depend on the location of the seizure onset.

Methods: The present study evaluates ictal consciousness using the ictal consciousness inventory (ICI) in drug refractory mesial temporal (MTLE), neocortical temporal (NTLE) and extra temporal epilepsy (ETLE). This was a cross sectional cohort study with 45 patients with mesial temporal epilepsy, 47 with extra temporal and 11 patients with neocortical temporal epilepsy.

Utility of a questionnaire tool (QUARAS) for localizing and lateralizing seizures in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU).

Objectives: An accurate description of the seizure semiology improves the recognition of the ictal onset zone and helps in hypothesizing the possible epileptogenic zone (EZ). Semiology based on a reliable description of seizures may be as good as investigative modalities, as has been shown by numerous studies. The main objective of this study was to apply a questionnaire-tool for auras and semiology (QUARAS) in refractory epilepsy cohort and compare its yield to that of standard history-taking.

Epidemiology and genetic aspects of multiple sclerosis in India.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a complex pathophysiology. Considered a rare disease in India in the past, studies over time suggest an increase in subjects with MS in India, although the observations are limited by the lack of formally conducted epidemiological studies and the absence of a nationwide registry. The current World Health Organization (WHO) Multiple Sclerosis International Federation (MSIF) "Atlas of MS" 2013 estimates a prevalence rate of 5-20 per 100,000, which also seems an underestimate.