Thyroid Nodule Management: Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Ultrasound, and Cytological Classification System for Predicting Malignancy.

Background/objectives: Thyroid nodule (TN) is a common thyroid disorder globally, and the incidence has been increasing in recent decades. The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), ultrasound (US), and cytological classification system for predicting malignancy among the surgically excised nodules.

Design And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed between January 2012 and December 2014, using data drawn from 1188 patients (15-90 years), who had 1433 TN and fine-needle aspiration in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia.

Reproductive disturbances among Saudi adolescent girls and young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To identify reproductive disturbances among adolescent girls and young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 102 female with T1DM, (aged 13-29 years) who attended the Diabetes Clinic at Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia between April 2015 to March 2016. Clinical history, anthropometric characteristics and reproductive disturbance were collected through a questionnaire.

Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: A three-year study at a tertiary care referral center in Saudi Arabia.

Aim: To stratify the malignancy risks in thyroid nodules in a tertiary care referral center using the Bethesda system.

Methods: From January, 2012 to December, 2014, a retrospective analysis was performed among 1188 patients (15-90 years) who had 1433 thyroid nodules and fine-needle aspiration at Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia. All thyroid cyto-pathological slides and ultra sound reports were reviewed and classified according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology.

Double diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A new entity or an underestimated condition.

Aim: To determine the clinical and biological characteristics of double diabetes (DD) among young people in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive chart review study including 312 young newly diagnosed diabetic patients (aged 12-20 years), whom were admitted over a five year period (January 2009 to December 2013). Family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (first degree), physical body mass index (BMI), acanthosis nigricans, history of auto-immune disease and laboratory information for glycosylated hemoglobin, basal C peptide level and diabetes autoantibody response (anti-GAD, anti-IA2 and anti-ICA) were collected from medical report.

Frequency of Lipohypertrophy and Associated Risk Factors in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of lipohypertrophy (LH) and the associated risk factors in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 174 patients with T1DM (aged 13-18 years) treated with multiple daily insulin injections for a minimum duration of 1 year. The study was performed at the Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), between July 2015 and September 2015.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: Major Challenges and Possible Solutions.

The World Health Organization has ranked Saudi Arabia as having the second highest rate of diabetes in the Middle East (7th highest in the world) with an estimated population of 7 million living with diabetes and more than 3 million with pre-diabetes. This presents a pressing public health problem. Several challenges in diabetes management need to be tackled in Saudi Arabia, including the growing prevalence (chiefly among children and young adults), micro-and macrovascular complications, lifestyle changes, late diagnosis, poor awareness and high treatment costs.

Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Review of the Recent Literature.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that Saudi Arabia ranks the second highest in the Middle East, and is seventh in the world for the rate of diabetes. It is estimated that around 7 million of the population are diabetic and almost around 3 million have pre-diabetes. Even more worrying perhaps, is the increasing pattern of diabetes noted in Saudi Arabia in the recent past.

Efficacy of Insulin Pump Therapy on Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction and Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Prospective Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of insulin pump therapy on diabetes treatment satisfaction and glycemic control among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A 6-month, prospective study was conducted among 47 patients (aged 17-24 years) with T1DM who attended the Insulin Pump Clinic at Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between April 2014 and November 2014. The respondents were purposively and conveniently selected and were interviewed using the Arabic version of the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire at baseline, 3, and 6 months.

Predictive Risk Factors for Fear of Hypoglycemia and Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To explore the fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) and anxiety-related emotional disorders and their risk factors among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Subjects And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 187 adolescents (aged 13-18 years; 92 males, 95 females) with T1DM at the Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from June 2013 to February 2014. The participants were interviewed using FOH and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Disorders (SCARED) scales.

Frequency and associated risk factors of recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis among Saudi adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To explore the frequency and associated risk factors of recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (RDKA) among Saudi adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 103 T1DM adolescents (aged 13-18 years, 57 males) who were hospitalized for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) between January 2013 and May 2014 at Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The respondents were purposively, conveniently selected, and interviewed using a structured Arabic questionnaire including clinical information and demographics.

Mutational screening of SF1 and WNT4 in Tunisian women with premature ovarian failure.

Background: WNT4 and SF1 genes play an important role in ovarian development. They constitute coherent candidate genes associated with premature ovarian failure (POF) pathogenesis.

Methods: We sequenced the coding region of WNT4 and SF1 in 55 Tunisian women with POF and 100 healthy controls.

CITED2 mutations potentially cause idiopathic premature ovarian failure.

Anomalies in gonadal development in a mouse knockout model of Cited2 have been recently described. In Cited2(-/-) female gonads, an ectopic cell migration was observed and the female program of sex determination was transiently delayed. We hypothesize that, in humans, this temporary inhibition of genes should be sufficient to provoke a developmental impairment of the female gonads, conducive to premature ovarian failure (POF).

Screening for mutations of the FOXO4 gene in premature ovarian failure patients.

FOXO4 constitutes a coherent candidate gene associated with premature ovarian failure (POF) pathogenesis. This study sequenced the coding and exon-flanking regions of this gene in a panel of 116 POF patients and 143 controls of Tunisian origin. In both groups, the IVS2 + 41T > G sequence variant was identified.

Sequence analysis of the CDKN1B gene in patients with premature ovarian failure reveals a novel mutation potentially related to the phenotype.

Earlier reports demonstrated a key role of Cdkn1b during mouse ovarian development. In this study, the sequencing analysis of the complete coding region of this gene in a panel of premature ovarian failure patients and control subjects reveals a novel mutation potentially related to the phenotype.

Benzylthiouracil-induced glomerulonephritis.

Vasculitis is a rare complication of antithyroid drugs (ATDs). It was first described with Propylthiouracil (PTU). We report a new case of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis with glomerulonephritis induced by Benzylthiouracile (BTU).

Chromosome abnormalities in one thousand infertile males with nonobstructive sperm disorders.

One hundred thirty-five in 1,000 (13.5%) Tunisian male infertile patients with nonobstructive spermatogenesis disorders were found to have chromosomal abnormalities.