Assessment of Spending for Patients Initiating Dialysis Care.

Importance: Despite a widespread belief that private insurers spend large amounts on health care for enrollees receiving dialysis, data limitations over the past decade have precluded a comprehensive analysis of the topic.

Objective: To examine the amount and types of increases in health care spending for privately insured patients associated with initiating dialysis care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A cohort study covering calendar years 2012 to 2019 included patients with kidney failure who had employer-sponsored insurance for 12 months following dialysis initiation.

Variability in Prices Paid for Hemodialysis by Employer-Sponsored Insurance in the US From 2012 to 2019.

This cross-sectional study compares the prices that private insurers vs Medicare paid for hemodialysis in the US from 2012 to 2019.

The impact of early-life shocks on adult welfare in Brazil: Questions of measurement and timing.

Recent literature provides evidence that income shocks early in life can have long-run consequences on adult welfare. Rural Brazil frequently suffers from rainfall variations that negatively impact vulnerable households, who often lack the means for coping with these events. This paper evaluates how early-life rainfall shocks influence adult health and socioeconomic outcomes in Brazil.