Antibody responses against influenza A decline with successive years of annual influenza vaccination.

Influenza vaccine effectiveness and immunogenicity can be compromised with repeated vaccination. We assessed immunological markers in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCW) from six public hospitals around Australia during 2020-2021. Sera were collected pre-vaccination and ~14 and ~180 days post-vaccination and assessed in haemagglutination inhibition assay against egg-grown vaccine and equivalent cell-grown viruses.

Effect of Voiding Policy on Post Anesthesia Care Unit Length of Stay for Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy.

Study Objective: This study aims to evaluate a liberal postoperative voiding policy after minimally invasive hysterectomies to assess the impact of length of stay in the postoperative care unit (PACU).

Design: This is a retrospective interrupted time series study. Patients were identified 3 months before and after the policy change, and a chart review was conducted of medical records.

Semaphorin 3A repulsion directs the caudal projection of pioneer longitudinal axons in the developing chicken brain.

The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is the first axon tract to develop in the ventral vertebrate brain. It originates in the diencephalon and projects caudally into the spinal cord, pioneering the path for later developing axons. Previous anatomical and expression analyses in the chicken suggested Semaphorin 3 A (Sema3A) as the candidate to repel the amniote MLF from the forebrain.

Major air pollution and climate policies in NYC and trends in NYC air quality 1998-2021.

Introduction: Air pollution poses serious health risks to humans, with particular harm to children.

Objectives: To address the gap in understanding the efficacy of policies to reduce exposure to air pollution, we sought to assess the temporal relationship between the enactment of major air pollution and climate policies in NYC and trends in air quality during the period 1998-2021. We used previously available data from citywide monitoring and new data from the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCCEH) longitudinal cohort studies of mothers and children living in communities in Northern Manhattan and the South Bronx.

Prenatal exposure to air pollution during the early and middle stages of pregnancy is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at ages 1 to 3 years.

Background: A large body of data shows that fetal brain development is vulnerable to disruption by air pollution experienced by the mother during pregnancy, adversely affecting cognitive and psychomotor capabilities during childhood (De Asis-Cruz et al., Biol Psychiatry 7:480-90, 2022; Morgan ZEM et al., Environ Health 22:11, 2023).

Carbon, climate, and natural disturbance: a review of mechanisms, challenges, and tools for understanding forest carbon stability in an uncertain future.

In this review, we discuss current research on forest carbon risk from natural disturbance under climate change for the United States, with emphasis on advancements in analytical mapping and modeling tools that have potential to drive research for managing future long-term stability of forest carbon. As a natural mechanism for carbon storage, forests are a critical component of meeting climate mitigation strategies designed to combat anthropogenic emissions. Forests consist of long-lived organisms (trees) that can store carbon for centuries or more.

Antibody responses against influenza A decline with successive years of annual influenza vaccination: results from an Australian Healthcare Worker cohort.

Influenza vaccine effectiveness and immunogenicity can be compromised with repeated vaccination. We assessed immunological markers in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCW) from six public hospitals around Australia during 2020-2021. Sera were collected pre-vaccination and ~14 and ~ 180 days post-vaccination and assessed in haemagglutination inhibition assay against egg-grown vaccine and equivalent cell-grown viruses.

Predicting daily firefighting personnel deployment trends in the western United States.

Projected increases in wildfire frequency, size, and severity may further stress already scarce firefighting resources in the western United States that are in high demand. Machine learning is a promising field with the ability to model firefighting resource usage without compromising dataset size or complexity. In this study, the Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) model was used with historical (2012-2020) wildfire data to train three models that calculate predicted daily counts of 1) total assigned personnel (total personnel), 2) assigned personnel that are at the fire (ground personnel), and 3) assigned personnel that either work with aircraft or in management (air/overhead personnel) based on daily wildfire characteristics.

Inverse design of bistable composite laminates with switching tunneling method for global optimization.

Bistability enables adaptive designs with tunable deflections for applications including morphing wings, robotic grippers, and consumer products. Composite laminates may be designed to exhibit bistability due to pre-strains that develop during the processing of the polymer matrix, enabling fast reconfiguration between two stable shapes. Unfortunately, designing bistable laminates is challenging because of their highly nonlinear behavior.

Impact of a clinical decision support system on identifying drug-related problems and making recommendations to providers during community pharmacist-led medication reviews in Ontario, Canada: A pilot study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) to identify drug-related problems (DRPs) during community pharmacist medication reviews.

Design: Pilot 3-phase (group), open-label study.

Setting And Participants: Two community pharmacies in Sarnia, Ontario, with pharmacists providing medication reviews to patients.

Self-Recording of Eye Movements in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients Using a Smartphone Eye-Tracking App.

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can affect various eye movements, making eye tracking a potential means for disease monitoring. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of ALS patients self-recording their eye movements using the "EyePhone," a smartphone eye-tracking application.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled ten participants and provided them with an iPhone equipped with the EyePhone app and a PowerPoint presentation with step-by-step recording instructions.

Improving Weight Bias Awareness Among Providers in the Sexual and Reproductive Health care Setting.

Introduction: Provider bias against patients of higher weights can contribute to poor health outcomes and decreased quality of care and patient experience. Addressing weight stigma in sexual and reproductive health settings is important, as these encounters can often be patients' only health care touchpoint. Health care providers must be educated about the harms of weight stigma, ways to recognize and confront their biases, and how to advocate for patients of all sizes.

Stereoelectroencephalography of the Deep Brain: Basal Ganglia and Thalami.

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) has emerged as a transformative tool in epilepsy surgery, shedding light on the complex network dynamics involved in focal epilepsy. This review explores the role of SEEG in elucidating the role of deep brain structures, namely the basal ganglia and thalamus, in epilepsy. SEEG advances understanding of their contribution to seizure generation, propagation, and control by permitting precise and minimally invasive sampling of these brain regions.

Exploring rural Nurses' preparedness and post-resuscitation experiences. An ethnographic study.

Aim: The focus of this paper is to provide a detailed ethnographic exploration of rural nurses' experiences of their resuscitation preparedness and the subsequent post-resuscitation period.

Design: An ethnographic study across two small rural hospital sites in New South Wales, Australia.

Methods: Fieldwork was undertaken between December 2020 and March 2022 and included over 240 h of nonparticipant observation, journalling and interviews.

Developmental associations between cognition and adaptive behavior in intellectual and developmental disability.

Background: Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are associated with both cognitive challenges and difficulties in conceptual, social, and practical areas of living, commonly referred to as adaptive behavior (DSM-5). Although cross-sectional associations between intelligence or cognition and adaptive behavior have been reported in IDD populations, no study to date has examined whether developmental changes in cognition contribute to or track with changes in adaptive behavior. The present study sought to examine associations of longitudinal developmental change in domains of cognition (NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, NIHTB-CB) and adaptive behavior domains (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-3; VABS-3) including Socialization, Communication, and Daily Living Skills (DLS) over a two year period in a large sample of children, adolescents and young adults with IDD.

Holistic approach to care for patients with endometriosis.

Purpose Of Review: Endometriosis is a chronic, often debilitating, disease which is typically managed with surgery and hormonal medications. However, many patients feel they lack agency when managing endometriosis symptoms. The purpose of this review is to discuss the mental and physical management strategies, the long-term health consequences, and the role of a multidisciplinary team in the treatment of endometriosis.

The Carceral State, Social Disorganization, and Firearm Homicides in Chicago.

Importance: Black and other racially minoritized groups are overrepresented among those who experience firearm homicide. There has been a stark increase in incarcerated populations in the US since the 1980s, largely due to differential drug sentencing, of which racially minoritized individuals are also overrepresented; social disorganization theory postulates that community and family instability resulting from incarceration can further worsen crime.

Objective: To understand the association of race-specific incarceration with race-specific firearm violence rates in Chicago, Illinois, through the lens of social vulnerability and family instability.

Incarceration Exposure, Biological Aging, and Depression Symptoms in an African American Sample of Older Adults.

The study draws upon perspectives on life-course stressors and health to assess whether lifetime incarceration exposure is a determinant of biological aging and self-reported depression. Using data from a sample of 460 African American participants (average age= 57) in the Family and Community Health Study, the study examined two epigenetic indices of biological aging, DunedinPoAm and GrimAge, as well as a self-reported measure of depression symptoms. Estimates were derived from multivariate regression models with adjustments for selection on observables and confounding factors.

Do No Harm in Global Health Engagement.

This manuscript examines the principle of "Do No Harm" in DoD Global Health Engagement (GHE) efforts. It highlights the potential positive and negative consequences of health investments and explores how unintentional harm is addressed in a global health context. The manuscript also discusses the involvement of the U.

Experiences with an Inquiry-Based Ionic Liquid Module in an Undergraduate Physical Chemistry Laboratory.

The topic of ionic liquids is typically not taught at the undergraduate level. Many properties, such as conductivity, vapor pressure, and viscosity, of these so-called "green solvents" are unique compared to traditional molecular solvents. Using active learning techniques, we introduced an ionic liquid module in the physical chemistry laboratory where their structures and physical properties, namely, viscosity, conductivity, and vapor pressure, were explored in relation to molecular solvents.

Home Health Nurses' Perceptions of Caring for Persons With Severe and Persistent Mental Illnesses.

Background: Severe and persistent mental illnesses (SPMIs) affect a significant portion of the adult population in the United States. Despite their increased medical disease burden, individuals with SPMIs often lack access to appropriate medical care. Home health services offer cost-effective options for caring for this population in the comfort of their homes.