Exploring adolescent-adult connections, coping, and safety among minoritized youth in neighborhoods impacted by community violence.

Dyadic interviews were conducted with 32 youth ages 13-21 and their self-identified key adult supports to illuminate how adult supports help protect youth in communities impacted by high levels of violence. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Youth described choosing social interactions carefully, avoiding high-violence areas, and keeping busy with activities.

Adolescent-Adult Social Networks and Experiences of Violence Among Black Youth in Neighborhoods With High Levels of Community Violence.

Purpose: Adult support is inversely linked to health-affecting risk behaviors. This study aimed to describe adolescent-adult support network structure and quality, and to analyze associations among network properties, strength of emotional and instrumental support, and violence involvement among predominantly Black youth residing in neighborhoods with high levels of community violence.

Methods: One hundred six youth from urban neighborhoods with high levels of community violence in Pittsburgh, PA completed egocentric social network surveys describing adult supports, measures of support across contexts, and past 30-day violence perpetration, victimization, and witnessing.

Using machine learning to estimate atmospheric pollen concentrations in Tulsa, OK.

This article describes an example of using machine learning to estimate the abundance of airborne pollen for Tulsa, OK. Twenty-seven years of historical pollen observations were used. These pollen observations were combined with machine learning and a very complete meteorological and land surface context of 85 variables to estimate the daily abundance.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced neoplasia in the urinary bladder: a missing link?

The discovery that the role human papillomavirus (HPV) plays in the induction of human cancer represents an important achievement in oncologic research. It has taken on even greater importance since the development of vaccines, which promise the hope of preventing these cancers from ever occurring. Because of these important implications, many have attempted to determine a possible role for the virus in cancers of the urinary bladder-an organ in close anatomic proximity to the primary sites of HPV-induced neoplasia and one which already has an established oncogenic infectious agent in Schistosoma haematobium.

Rapid progression of primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma with an initial indolent clinical presentation.

Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma (CGD-TCL) is a rare cutaneous T-cell lymphoma characterized by a rapidly progressive clinical course and a poor prognosis. We report a case of a 52-year-old man with a 10-year history of erythematous nodules and a rapid terminal progression diagnosed as CGD-TCL. Biopsies taken at the time of progression showed a dense lymphocytic infiltrate involving the subcutaneous adipose tissue and deep dermis.

The expression patterns of p53 and p16 and an analysis of a possible role of HPV in primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Background: Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder is rare. The molecular and cellular events leading to its pathogenesis are not well delineated. The goal of this study was to investigate p53 and p16 expression, as well as HPV status, in a relatively large series of primary bladder adenocarcinomas.

Expression of NFkappaB, ICAM1, and VCAM1 in rheumatic heart disease with atrial fibrillation.

Objective: To examine the expression of nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) levels in rheumatic heart disease patients who suffer from atrial fibrillation and those who do not.

Study Design: Twenty-six patients with rheumatic heart disease were enrolled. Ten patients had no history of atrial fibrillation and 16 had atrial fibrillation.

Cytoplasmic OCT4 staining is a sensitive marker of neuroendocrine differentiation.

Previous studies by the authors have described a novel cytoplasmic staining pattern with OCT4 in normal adrenal medullary tissue and in paragangliomas. We aimed to determine if this type of staining is found in other neuroendocrine tissues by examining a broad range of neuroendocrine tumors. Fifty neuroendocrine tumors of various grades and primary organ sites were selected.

EGFR alterations and EML4-ALK rearrangement in primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder.

The identification of mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and translocations involving anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in lung adenocarcinoma has drastically changed understanding of the disease and led to the development of targeted therapies. Adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder is rare and poorly understood at the molecular level. We undertook this study to determine whether EGFR mutations, increases in EGFR copy number, or ALK translocations are present in these tumors.

Cytoplasmic staining of OCT4 is a highly sensitive marker of adrenal medullary-derived tissue.

OCT4 immunostaining has become an essential resource in diagnosing germ cell neoplasia. OCT4 is a transcription factor with a characteristic nuclear staining pattern specific to germ cell neoplasms. Our institution has observed that paraganglionic tissue consistently displayed intense cytoplasmic staining by utilizing monoclonal OCT4 antibody, and we intended to determine whether OCT4 could provide additional diagnostic utility in adrenal tumors.

The spectrum of histopathologic findings in vesical diverticulum: implications for pathogenesis and staging.

Diverticula are saccular evaginations of urinary bladder mucosa that are encountered in all age groups with a prevalence of 1% to 10%. Intradiverticular neoplasms pose diagnostic and management challenges. The aim of this study was to document the common morphologic changes and neoplasms found in a large series of adult and pediatric vesical diverticula.

KRAS mutation is present in a small subset of primary urinary bladder adenocarcinomas.

Aims: To determine whether KRAS mutations occur in primary bladder adenocarcinoma.

Methods And Results: Twenty-six cases of primary urinary bladder adenocarcinoma were analysed. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and amplified with shifted termination assay technology, which recognizes wild-type or mutant target sequences and selectively extends detection primers with labelled nucleotides.

p16 expression is not associated with human papillomavirus in urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is unusual and of unknown etiology. There is a well-established association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the development of cervical and head/neck squamous cell carcinomas. However, the role of HPV in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is uncertain.

Bladder diverticulum: clinicopathologic spectrum in pediatric patients.

Urinary bladder diverticula are a relatively rare finding in both the adult and pediatric population. Their presence in the adult population has long been associated with the development of urothelial carcinoma within the lesion. Our goal is to analyze a relatively large pediatric patient population with urinary bladder diverticula to expand the body of knowledge on the associated clinical symptomatology, congenital syndromes associated with the entity, and treatment methods and to further investigate if there is any reason to suspect malignant transformation within the pediatric population.

Molecular pathology of lung cancer: key to personalized medicine.

The majority of lung adenocarcinoma patients with epidermal growth factor receptor- (EGFR) mutated or EML4-ALK rearrangement-positive tumors are sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Both primary and acquired resistance in a significant number of those patients to these therapies remains a major clinical problem. The specific molecular mechanisms associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance are not fully understood.

Lymphadenectomy in urologic oncology: pathologic considerations.

Lymphadenectomy (LAD) is an important staging and treatment modality of oncologic surgery. LAD in genitourinary malignancies presents inherent difficulties to the urologist and pathologist because of the differences in anatomic sites and primary histologic type. This review focuses on pathologic evaluation and how communication between urologist and pathologist is necessary to provide optimal care.

The clinical and therapeutic implications of cancer stem cell biology.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have provided new insights into the tumorigenesis and metastatic potential of cancer. The discovery of CSCs has provided many new insights into the complexities of cancer therapy: tumor initiation, treatment resistance, metastasis, recurrence, assessment of prognosis and prediction of clinical course. Recent rapid advances in molecular analysis have contributed to the better understanding of the molecular attributes and pathways that give CSCs their unique attributes.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder: the final common pathway of urothelial carcinoma dedifferentiation.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder is an unusual malignancy composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. It is an aggressive tumor that presents at an advanced stage and confers a much poorer prognosis than conventional urothelial carcinoma. The proper nomenclature and histogenesis of these tumors have been subjects of debate for some time.

The landscape of EGFR pathways and personalized management of non-small-cell lung cancer.

Two classes of anti-EGF receptor (EGFR) agents, monoclonal anti-EGFR antibodies and small-molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have been used for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only a subset of patients will benefit from EGFR-targeted therapy. The discovery of biomarkers that select the appropriate patients for the therapy and predict the responses to the therapy is urgently needed.