Lifestyle factors as predictors of incident functional somatic disorder. Five-year follow-up of The DanFunD study.

Aims: To assess whether lifestyle factors, including sleep pattern, are predictors for the development of functional somatic disorder (FSD).

Methods: A population-based prospective cohort of 9656 men and women aged 18-76 years was established in 2011-2015 and invited for re-examination in 2017-2020, when 5738 participated. Median follow-up period was 65 months.

Lipid metabolism and functional somatic disorders in the general population. The DanFunD study.

Objectives: Earlier studies on the association between plasma lipid profiles and functional somatic disorders (FSD) are mainly small case control studies hampered by selection bias and do not consider the great overlap between the various FSDs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between various FSDs and plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) in a large, unselected population.

Design: A cross-sectional general population-based study.

Prospective relationship between occupational physical activity and risk of ischaemic heart disease: are men and women differently affected?

Aims: High occupational physical activity (OPA) seems to increase risk of cardiovascular diseases among men. However, findings are mixed, and it is not known if women are differently affected. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between OPA and risk for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and whether it differs across sex.

Association of Familial Aggregation of Major Depression With Risk of Major Depression.

Importance: Major depression (MD) aggregates within families, but how family history of MD confers risk of MD over the life course is unclear. Such knowledge is important to identify and prevent possible depressogenic effects of family environment.

Objective: To examine the association between family MD history and risk of MD including association with age, sex, type of kinship, and age of the affected family member.

Efficacy of a randomized controlled trial of a perinatal adaptation of COS-P in promoting maternal sensitivity and mental wellbeing among women with psychosocial vulnerabilities.

Pregnant women with psychosocial vulnerabilities should be offered perinatal interventions that include a parenting component to ameliorate the potential negative effects of maternal mental health problems and/or poor social network on parenting. One such intervention program is the Circle of Security-Parenting intervention (COS-P). The COS-P is a manualized video-based intervention that based on attachment theory seek to enhance maternal sensitivity and decrease the risk on insecure and disorganized attachment.

Association of COVID-19 Infection With Wearing Glasses in a High-Prevalence Area in Denmark and Sweden.

Importance: Observational studies have indicated that glasses might protect against contracting COVID-19 through reduced airborne and contact transmission.

Objective: To investigate the association between wearing one's own glasses with contracting COVID-19 when adjusting for relevant confounders.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (June to August 2020) in Denmark and Sweden, where personal protective equipment was not recommended for the general population at the time.

Metformin use is not associated with reduced risk of older onset inflammatory bowel disease: a Danish nationwide population-based study.

Background: Metformin has pleiotropic effects including anti-inflammatory properties and effects on the gut microbiome. It is primarily used in the older population, where the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing. The aim of this study was to examine whether metformin protects against development of IBD.

A psychometric investigation of the multiple-choice version of Animated Triangles Task to measure Theory of Mind in adolescence.

The Animated Triangles Task (AT) is commonly used to measure Theory of Mind (ToM). AT can be scored by clinicians based on participants' verbal responses (AT-verbal) or using a multiple-choice paradigm (AT-MCQ). This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the less time-consuming AT-MCQ.

Bariatric Surgery and Risk of New-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the risk of new-onset inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] following bariatric surgery.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based prospective cohort study of the entire Danish population 18 to 60 years of age, alive, and residing in Denmark, from 1996 to 2018. Bariatric surgery was included as a time-dependent variable, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios [HRs] of IBD.

Maternal-fetal bonding among pregnant women at psychosocial risk: The roles of adult attachment style, prenatal parental reflective functioning, and depressive symptoms.

Pregnancy offers a unique period for initiating preventive parenting interventions. Disturbances in maternal-fetal bonding may indicate suboptimal parenting and a need for intervention. However, more knowledge is needed on the development of maternal-fetal bonding among at-risk groups.

Methotrexate and risk of interstitial lung disease and respiratory failure in rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide population-based study.

Objectives: MTX is the most commonly recommended DMARD for first-line treatment of RA, however, it has been hypothesized to cause lung disease as an adverse effect. We investigated the risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and acute and chronic respiratory failure in persons with RA treated with MTX and other medications.

Methods: From the Danish National Patient Register (NPR) and the DANBIO register for rheumatic diseases, we retrieved data on 30 512 persons with RA registered in 1997-2015.

Risk of neuroinflammatory events in arthritis patients treated with tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors: a collaborative population-based cohort study from Denmark and Sweden.

Objectives: To investigate whether tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFis) are associated with an increased risk of neuroinflammatory diseases among patients with arthritic diseases.

Methods: Cohorts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=25 796), psoriatic arthritis (PsA, n=8586) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS, n=9527) who initiated a TNFi treatment year 2000-2017 were identified from nationwide clinical rheumatology registers in Sweden and Denmark. Information on demyelinating disease and inflammatory neuropathy diagnoses was retrieved from prospective linkage to National Patients Register.

Associations of genetic determinants of serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations with hay fever and asthma: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis.

Background/objectives: Studies of the effect of vitamin B12 and folate on the risk of asthma and hay fever have shown inconsistent results that may be biased by reverse causation and confounding. We used a Mendelian randomization approach to examine a potential causal effect of vitamin B12 and folate on hay fever, asthma, and selected biomarkers of allergy by using 11 vitamin B12-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2 folate-associated SNPs as unconfounded markers.

Subjects/methods: We included 162,736 participants from 9 population-based studies including the UK Biobank.

Current European guidelines for management of cardiovascular disease: Is medical treatment in nearly half a population realistic?

Background Health checks of the general population are widely used to prevent cardiovascular diseases, but are the current clinical guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) suitable for screening the general population? Design A cross-sectional, population-based study of 978 men and women aged 40-65 years examined in 2010-2011 was used to estimate the proportion of the general Danish population fulfilling the criteria from the clinical guidelines from the ESC on medical treatment and lifestyle intervention to prevent cardiovascular disease. Methods The ESC criteria for medical treatment and lifestyle intervention were applied to a general population using information on previous cardiovascular diseases, known diabetes, urinalbumin, smoking, total cholesterol, systolic and diabolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a multifactor risk score (SCORE). Results A total of 12.

Investigating the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in the CARTA consortium.

Observational studies on smoking and risk of hay fever and asthma have shown inconsistent results. However, observational studies may be biased by confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants as markers of exposures to examine causal effects.

Mental vulnerability, Helicobacter pylori, and incidence of hospital-diagnosed peptic ulcer over 28 years in a population-based cohort.

Objective: To examine whether mental vulnerability, an enduring personality characteristic, predicts incident hospital-diagnosed ulcer over three decades.

Materials And Methods: A population-based cohort study enrolled 3365 subjects with no ulcer history, ages 30-60, in 1982-3. Mental vulnerability, Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies, socioeconomic status, and sleep duration were determined at baseline; non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug use, smoking, leisure time physical activity, and alcohol consumption both at baseline and in 1993-4.

Effect of general health screening and lifestyle counselling on incidence of diabetes in general population: Inter99 randomised trial.

Unlabelled: We aimed to examine the effect of a large population-based multifactorial screening and lifestyle intervention programme on 10-year incidence of diabetes. In a randomised trial of the general Danish population initiated in 1999-2001 59,616 men and women aged 30-60years were assigned to a five year screening and lifestyle counselling programme (n=11,629) or control group (n=47,987) and followed for ten years in nationwide registers. Intention to treat was applied and risk of diabetes was modeled by Cox regression and expressed as hazard ratios (HRs).

Work and leisure time sitting and inactivity: Effects on cardiorespiratory and metabolic health.

Background: Prospective relationships between sedentary behaviour and cardiorespiratory and metabolic markers need to be better delineated in adults with different physical activity levels. We examined the separate and combined relationships of work and leisure time sitting and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods: A total of 2308 adults from the Health2006 cohort were followed for five years.

Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate: A Mendelian Randomization Meta-Analysis in the CARTA Consortium.

Background: Smoking is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor, but the mechanisms linking smoking to blood pressure are poorly understood.

Methods And Results: Data on 141 317 participants (62 666 never, 40 669 former, 37 982 current smokers) from 23 population-based studies were included in observational and Mendelian randomization meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, and resting heart rate. For the Mendelian randomization analyses, a genetic variant rs16969968/rs1051730 was used as a proxy for smoking heaviness in current smokers.

Does access to invasive examination and treatment influence socioeconomic differences in case fatality for patients admitted for the first time with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina?

Aims: Our aim was to investigate whether there is social inequality in access to invasive examination and treatment, and whether access explains social inequality in case fatality in a nationwide sample of patients admitted for the first time with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in Denmark.

Methods And Results: All patients admitted for the first time with NSTEMI (n=16,625) or unstable angina (n=8,800) from 2001 to 2009 in Denmark were included. We measured time from admission to coronary angiography (CAG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

Socio-economic position and time trends in invasive management and case fatality after acute myocardial infarction in Denmark.

Background: Lower case fatality and increased use of evidence-based invasive management incl. coronary angiography (CAG) have been reported for patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the last 25 years. This article seeks to investigate whether these advances have benefitted patients in all socio-economic groups and how this has impacted on inequality in case fatality.