The Teitge test.

Introduction: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is used to treat medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). A simple clinical test to select the patients most likely to benefit from the procedure was suggested by R. A.

Family studies to find rare high risk variants in migraine.

Introduction: Migraine has long been known as a common complex disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. The pathophysiology and the specific genetic susceptibility are poorly understood. Common variants only explain a small part of the heritability of migraine.

A lifestyle intervention among elderly men on active surveillance for non-aggressive prostate cancer: a randomised feasibility study with whole-grain rye and exercise.

Background: The prognosis for men with non-aggressive prostate cancer is good, and several studies have investigated the impact of lifestyle changes including physical activity and diet on the prognosis. Despite positive results in animal studies and a few human interventions with whole-grain rye on markers of prostate cancer progression, the feasibility of trials investigating such dietary changes in combination with physical activity remains largely unstudied. The primary aim was to investigate the feasibility of an intervention with high whole-grain rye intake and vigorous physical activity for 6 months in men diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Part I: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 induced migraine-like attacks in patients with and without familial aggregation of migraine.

Background Intravenous infusion of adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38) provokes migraine-like attacks in 65-70% of migraine sufferers. Whether aggregation of migraine in first-degree relatives contributes to this discrepancy in PACAP38-induced response is unknown. We hypothesized that genetic enrichment plays a role in triggering of migraine and that migraine without aura patients with a high family load ( ≥ 2 first-degree relatives with migraine) would report more migraine-like attacks after intravenous infusion of human PACAP38.

Responses and relationship dynamics of men and their spouses during active surveillance for prostate cancer: health literacy as an inquiry framework.

Background: Early stage prostate cancer patients may be allocated to active surveillance, where the condition is observed over time with no intervention. Living with a cancer diagnosis may impose stress on both the men and their spouses. In this study we explore whether the scores of and verbal responses to a Health Literacy Questionnaire can be used to identify individuals in need of information and support and to reveal differences in perception and understanding in health related situations within couples.

The Impact of Husbands' Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Participation in a Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention on Spouses' Lives and Relationships With Their Partners.

Background: A prostate cancer diagnosis affects the patient and his spouse. Partners of cancer patients are often the first to respond to the demands related to their husband's illness and thus are likely to be the most supportive individuals available to the patients. It is therefore important to examine how spouses react and handle their husband's prostate cancer diagnosis.

Effects of smoking and antioxidant micronutrients on risk of colorectal cancer.

Background & Aims: Antioxidant intake has been reported to increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) for smokers, yet reduce the risk for nonsmokers. We investigated the association between tobacco smoking and risk of colon or rectal cancer, and whether dietary and supplemental intake of the antioxidant vitamins A, C, E, β-carotene, selenium, zinc, and manganese affects the risk of CRC among smokers.

Methods: Data on smoking habits and antioxidant intake were analyzed for 54,208 participants in the Danish Prospective Diet, Cancer and Health Study.

Dietary factors impact on the association between CTSS variants and obesity related traits.

Background/aims: Cathepsin S, a protein coded by the CTSS gene, is implicated in adipose tissue biology--this protein enhances adipose tissue development. Our hypothesis is that common variants in CTSS play a role in body weight regulation and in the development of obesity and that these effects are influenced by dietary factors--increased by high protein, glycemic index and energy diets.

Methods: Four tag SNPs (rs7511673, rs11576175, rs10888390 and rs1136774) were selected to capture all common variation in the CTSS region.

Influence of dietary protein intake and glycemic index on the association between TCF7L2 HapA and weight gain.

Background: Genetic polymorphisms of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) have been associated with type 2 diabetes and BMI.

Objective: The objective was to investigate whether TCF7L2 HapA is associated with weight development and whether such an association is modulated by protein intake or by the glycemic index (GI).

Design: The investigation was based on prospective data from 5 cohort studies nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Association between FTO variant and change in body weight and its interaction with dietary factors: the DiOGenes study.

Although FTO is an established obesity-susceptibility locus, it remains unknown whether it influences weight change in adult life and whether diet attenuates this association. Therefore, we investigated the association of FTO-rs9939609 with changes in weight and waist circumference (WC) during 6.8 years follow-up in a large-scale prospective study and examined whether these associations were modified by dietary energy percentage from fat, protein, carbohydrate, or glycemic index (GI).

Genetic polymorphisms in the hypothalamic pathway in relation to subsequent weight change--the DiOGenes study.

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding the components involved in the hypothalamic pathway may influence weight gain and dietary factors may modify their effects.

Aim: We conducted a case-cohort study to investigate the associations of SNPs in candidate genes with weight change during an average of 6.8 years of follow-up and to examine the potential effect modification by glycemic index (GI) and protein intake.

Interaction between ADH1C Arg(272)Gln and alcohol intake in relation to breast cancer risk suggests that ethanol is the causal factor in alcohol related breast cancer.

Alcohol is a risk factor for breast cancer. We wanted to determine if ADH polymorphisms which modify the rate of ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde, were associated with breast cancer risk. We matched 809 postmenopausal breast cancer cases with 809 controls, nested within the prospective Diet, Cancer and Health study.

Polymorphisms in fatty-acid-metabolism-related genes are associated with colorectal cancer risk.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The crucial role of fatty acids for a number of important biological processes suggests a more in-depth analysis of inter-individual differences in fatty acid metabolizing genes as contributing factor to colon carcinogenesis. We examined the association between genetic variability in 43 fatty acid metabolism-related genes and colorectal risk in 1225 CRC cases and 2032 controls participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study.

GPX1 Pro(198)Leu polymorphism, erythrocyte GPX activity, interaction with alcohol consumption and smoking, and risk of colorectal cancer.

GPX1 encoding the enzyme glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and hOGG1 encoding the 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) may counteract oxidative stress and resulting DNA damage associated with lifestyle-related exposures. We examined whether the polymorphisms GPX1 Pro(198)Leu and OGG1 Ser(326)Cys or low erythrocyte GPX enzyme activity in pre-diagnostic blood samples are associated with colorectal cancer risk, and assessed possible interactions between the polymorphisms or enzyme activity and various lifestyle factors in relation to colorectal cancer risk. Additionally, we studied whether the GPX1 Pro(198)Leu polymorphism and several lifestyle factors predict GPX activity in erythrocytes.

Genetic variation in genes of the fatty acid synthesis pathway and breast cancer risk.

Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is the major enzyme of lipogenesis. It catalyzes the NADPH-dependent condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to produce palmitic acid. Transcription of the FAS gene is controlled synergistically by the transcription factors ChREBP (carbohydrate response element-binding protein), which is induced by glucose, and SREBP-1 (sterol response element-binding protein-1), which is stimulated by insulin through the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway.

Social inequality and incidence of and survival from cancers of the oesophagus, stomach and pancreas in a population-based study in Denmark, 1994-2003.

We investigated the effect of socioeconomic, demographic and health-related indicators on the incidence of and survival from cancers of the oesophagus, stomach and pancreas diagnosed during 1994-2003 with follow-up through 2006 in Denmark using information from nationwide registers. The analyses were based on data on 2075 patients with cancer of the oesophagus, 2673 with stomach cancer and 3657 with pancreatic cancer in a cohort of 3.22 million persons born between 1925 and 1973 and aged >or=30 years.

A haplotype of polymorphisms in ASE-1, RAI and ERCC1 and the effects of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on risk of colorectal cancer: a Danish prospective case-cohort study.

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most frequent type of genetic variation in the human genome, and are of interest for the study of susceptibility to and protection from diseases. The haplotype at chromosome 19q13.2-3 encompassing the three SNPs ASE-1 G-21A, RAI IVS1 A4364G and ERCC1 Asn118Asn have been associated with risk of breast cancer and lung cancer.

Prospective study of interaction between alcohol, NSAID use and polymorphisms in genes involved in the inflammatory response in relation to risk of colorectal cancer.

Inflammatory bowl disease predisposes to cancer of the colorectum, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decreases the risk; hence genetic variations that modify the inflammatory response may alter the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to determine if polymorphisms associated with an altered inflammatory response are associated with colorectal cancer risk, and to investigate the possible interaction with lifestyle factors such as alcohol use, smoking and NSAID use. We studied 355 adenocarcinoma cases and 753 control persons, nested within the prospective "Diet, Cancer and Health" study.

XPA A23G, XPC Lys939Gln, XPD Lys751Gln and XPD Asp312Asn polymorphisms, interactions with smoking, alcohol and dietary factors, and risk of colorectal cancer.

Polymorphisms in the XPD and the XPC gene have been associated with a lower DNA repair capacity. We determined the risk of colorectal cancer in association with the four polymorphisms XPA A23G, XPC Lys939Gln, XPD Lys751Gln and XPD Asp312Asn, and interactions between the polymorphisms and the environmental factors: smoking intensity, intake of alcohol, red meat, processed meat, fish and poultry, fruits and vegetables and dietary fibres, in relation to development of colorectal cancer in a study population of 405 colorectal cancer cases and a comparison group of 810 persons, nested within the Danish prospective cohort, Diet, Cancer and Health, of 57053 cohort members. No association was found between the XPC Lys939Gln, XPA A23G, XPD Lys751Gln, and XPD Asp312Asn polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer.

Interactions between the OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and intake of fruit and vegetables in relation to lung cancer.

The enzyme 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) repairs oxidatively damaged DNA and a polymorphism in the OGG1 gene (Ser326Cys) has been associated with lung cancer. We examined associations between the polymorphism and intake of fruits and vegetables and smoking in the development of lung cancer, by genotyping blood samples from 431 lung cancer cases and 796 comparison persons, which were identified within a prospective cohort on 57,000 cohort members. We found no overall association between the OGG1 polymorphism and lung cancer.

GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism, interactions with smoking and alcohol consumption, and risk for lung cancer.

We genotyped blood samples from 432 lung cancer cases and 798 persons in a comparison group and examined the role of the GPX1 (Pro198Leu, rs1050450) polymorphism and interactions with external exposures in the development of lung cancer. The incidence rate ratio for lung cancer was 0.60 (95% confidence interval: 0.

Gene-environment interactions between smoking and a haplotype of RAI, ASE-1 and ERCC1 polymorphisms among women in relation to risk of lung cancer in a population-based study.

Homozygous carriers of a haplotype consisting of ERCC1 Asn118Asn(A), ASE-1 G-21A(G), RAI IVS1 A4364G(A) are at increased risk of lung cancer especially among women. Here, we analyse for gene-environment interactions with the predefined haplotype in a case cohort study including 428 lung cancer cases and a comparison group of 800 persons, all from the prospective Diet, Cancer and Health cohort of 57,000 Danes. At high smoking intensity (>20g tobacco/day), there was only additional risk of smoking intensity among women who were homozygous carriers of the haplotype (IRR=2.