Publications by authors named "Rikiya Taoka"
Article Synopsis
- This study looked at women with bladder cancer who had surgery to remove their bladder and other reproductive organs to see how many still had problems with their reproductive organs.
- Out of 417 women, some had their uterus and vaginal wall saved, but about 9% showed signs of cancer in their reproductive areas.
- The researchers concluded that doctors need to think carefully about whether to save these organs during surgery because there's a risk that cancer could still affect them.
Background: In Japan, the authorized period (2-4 h) between oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) and transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may restrict photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) usage. Therefore, this prospective, single-arm, phase III study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of PDD at an extended administration period (4-8 h).
Methods: From January 2022 to May 2023, 161 patients with NMIBC were enrolled from eight hospitals.
Article Synopsis
- - This study aimed to create a prognostic model to estimate the risk of cancer-specific mortality in bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy (RC), using data from 36 institutions in Japan.
- - Researchers analyzed patient data without adjuvant chemotherapy, splitting it into training and validation sets, and used a multivariable Cox regression model to predict outcomes based on 25 variables.
- - The final model, which included eight key variables, outperformed the existing CheckMate 274 classification, correctly reclassifying a significant portion of high-risk patients into a better prognosis group, enhancing potential treatment decisions.
Article Synopsis
- There has been an increase in agents for treating bacillus Calmette-Guérin-unresponsive (BCG-U) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and there is a pressing need for patient and therapy selection guidelines due to a lack of randomized trials.
- A global expert committee developed recommendations through literature reviews and a voting process, refining these guidelines during a live meeting in August 2023, achieving over 75% agreement on the final recommendations.
- No single optimal treatment exists for BCG-U patients; personalized treatment based on individual preferences, tumor characteristics, and available agent data is essential, with specific options recommended for carcinoma in situ and papillary-only tumors, and clinical trial participation encouraged.
Background: In the THOR trial (NCT03390504) Cohort 1, erdafitinib demonstrated significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) (median 12.1 versus 7.8 months) and reduced risk of death by 36% (hazard ratio 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To determine the effects of prophylactic urethrectomy (PU) on oncological and perioperative outcomes in patients with bladder cancer (BC) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC).
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data on 1976 evaluable patients with BC who underwent RC. Patients were drawn from 36 institutions within the Japanese Urological Oncology Group.
To preserve the bladder without compromising survival, further treatments need to be optimized to prevent the recurrence and progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. In clinical practice, transurethral resection of bladder tumors is essential for bladder cancer management. The primary goal of surgery is to achieve accurate pathological evaluation and complete resection of bladder cancer; high resection quality is required for the procedure.
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- The study aimed to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and urologists' treatment practices.
- Researchers analyzed medical records of 208 patients who underwent RARP between 2017 and 2022, comparing data from pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, focusing on factors like preoperative hormone therapy, waiting times, and cancer pathology.
- Results showed a significant increase in preoperative androgen deprivation therapy during the pandemic, shorter waiting periods for surgery, and a shift towards treating more high-risk patients, but no overall negative impact on cancer outcomes or patients' quality of life.
Purpose: The International Bladder Cancer Group designated the subgroup that is resistant to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) but does not meet the criteria for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC as "BCG-exposed high-risk NMIBC" to guide optimal trial design. We aimed to investigate the treatment patterns and prognoses of patients with BCG-exposed NMIBC.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 3283 patients who received intravesical BCG therapy for NMIBC at 14 participating institutions between January 2000 and December 2019.
Article Synopsis
- * The surgery performed was a retroperitoneal scopic ureteral resection along with a partial cystectomy, which involved the innovative use of a fluorescent ureteral catheter for better identification of the ureter during the procedure.
- * The conclusion highlights that the fluorescent ureteral catheter is a valuable tool in laparoscopic surgeries, particularly for cases where locating the ureter is challenging, as demonstrated in this patient's case.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the effects of enfortumab vedotin, a new treatment for urothelial cancer, focusing on how peripheral neuropathy impacts its effectiveness and if early nerve changes are linked to neuropathy onset.
- - In a trial involving 34 patients with advanced bladder cancer who had not responded to previous therapies, the treatment showed promising results with a 52.9% overall response rate and significant survival benefits.
- - Peripheral neuropathy was present in 12.5% of patients, but interestingly, those affected had better response rates compared to those without neuropathy; nerve studies showed that sensory nerves were more impacted, particularly the sural nerve.
Objective: The objective of this study is to validate the predictive ability of the 2021 European Association of Urology (EAU) risk model compared to that of existing risk models, including the 2019 EAU model and risk scoring tables of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Club Urologico Espanol de Tratamiento Oncologico, and Japanese Nishinihon Uro-oncology Extensive Collaboration Group.
Patients And Methods: This retrospective multi-institutional database study included two cohorts-3024 patients receiving intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment (BCG cohort) and 789 patients not receiving BCG treatment (non-BCG cohort). The Kaplan-Meier estimate and log-rank test were used to visualize and compare oncological survival outcomes after transurethral surgery among the risk groups.
Objective: To analyse the impact of histological discordance of subtypes (subtypes or divergent differentiation [DD]) in specimens from transurethral resection (TUR) and radical cystectomy (RC) on the outcome of the patients with bladder cancer receiving RC.
Patients And Methods: We analysed data for 2570 patients from a Japanese nationwide cohort with bladder cancer treated with RC between January 2013 and December 2019 at 36 institutions. The non-urinary tract recurrence-free survival (NUTR-FS) and overall survival (OS) stratified by TUR or RC specimen histology were determined.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to explore how frailty impacts cancer-related fatigue and quality of life in prostate cancer patients, analyzing 108 out of 254 outpatients.
- Results showed a 63% prevalence of frailty, with older age linked to greater frailty severity but not to the levels of fatigue.
- Patients with frailty experienced significantly higher fatigue and poorer quality of life compared to those without frailty, emphasizing the need to consider frailty in treatment decisions, especially for older patients.
Objective: Several guidelines recommended that second transurethral resection should be performed in patients with diagnosis of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, therapeutic benefits of second transurethral resection before bacillus Calmette-Guérin intravesical instillation were conflicting amongst previous studies. We investigated the prognostic impact of second transurethral resection before bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients.
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- The study aimed to compare the effects and safety of pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) versus lower tract urothelial carcinoma (LTUC).
- A total of 752 patients were analyzed, revealing no significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between UTUC and LTUC groups, although the upper tract group had lower kidney function prior to treatment.
- Patients with renal pelvic urothelial carcinoma showed a poorer prognosis compared to those with ureteral UC and LTUC, indicating potential needs for targeted treatment strategies for this subgroup.
Background: To investigate the impact of different urinary diversion (UD) techniques on the peri- and postoperative complications of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with ileal conduit.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 373 patients undergoing RARC with ileal conduit at 11 institutions in Japan between April 2018 and December 2021. Propensity score weighting was performed to adjust for confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index, performance status, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, previous abdominal surgery, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and preoperative high T stage (≥ cT3) and high N stage (≥ cN1).
Background: The efficacy of photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid during transurethral resection of bladder tumors has been demonstrated, albeit with limited information regarding its side effects. This study aimed to clarify the impact of oral 5-aminolevulinic acid on perioperative nausea and vomiting (NV) for the first time in a real-world clinical practice setting.
Methods: Patients who underwent transurethral surgery at Kagawa University between April 2017 and March 2020 were included.
Objective: This study conducted a national questionnaire survey of Japanese urologists from a treatment perspective for older patients with prostate cancer.
Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 922 teaching hospitals of the Japanese Urological Association. Questionnaire items included years of urologist experience, gender, workplace, treatment equipment owned, daily specialty practice area, urological cancer specialty, treatment reference items for older adults, upper age limit for radical treatment, medication, and two hypothetical cases of Gleason grade group 2 prostate cancer with or without oligometastasis.
Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is rare, and its incidence, clinical impact, and risk factors are not fully understood. To elucidate the clinical implications of UTUC after intravesical BCG therapy, this retrospective cohort study used data collected between January 2000 and December 2019. A total of 3226 patients diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and treated with intravesical BCG therapy were enrolled (JUOG-UC 1901).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: this study aimed to evaluate the active surveillance continuation period, treatment intervention rate and health-related quality of life in younger patients.
Methods: we prospectively conducted a health-related quality of life survey of patients enrolled in the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance-JAPAN study at Kagawa University between January 2010 and December 2020. Health-related quality of life was assessed by mail using a validated Japanese version of the Short-Form 8 Health Survey and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index at active surveillance enrolment and annually thereafter until discontinuation of active surveillance.