Preclinical evaluation of a microparticle-based transdermal vaccine patch against metastatic breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related deaths among females. Current chemotherapy targets both tumor and normal cells, leading to pronounced side effects. Therefore, therapeutic vaccines acting against specific cancer cells would be the choice of treatment.

Assessment of In Vitro Immunostimulatory Activity of an Adjuvanted Whole-Cell Inactivated Microparticle Vaccine Formulation.

The emergence of drug-resistant gonorrhea infections worldwide combined with the lack of a vaccine is alarming. We prepared a novel microparticulate (MP) vaccine formulation using whole-cell inactivated as the vaccine antigen, with Alum and AddaVax™ as vaccine adjuvants. The adjuvanted vaccine MP formulation was assessed for in vitro immunostimulatory activity, autophagy, and antigen presentation ability.

Needleless administration of advanced therapies into the skin via the appendages using a hypobaric patch.

Advanced therapies are commonly administered via injection even when they act within the skin tissue, and this increases the chances of off-target effects. Here we report the use of a skin patch containing a hypobaric chamber that induces skin dome formation to enable needleless delivery of advanced therapies directly into porcine, rat, and mouse skin. Finite element method modeling showed that the hypobaric chamber in the patch opened the skin appendages by 32%, thinned the skin, and compressed the appendage wall epithelia.

Potential Applications of Microparticulate-Based Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Vaccine Platform for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major global health issue. Approximately 250 million new cases of STDs occur each year globally. Currently, only three STDs (human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis A, and hepatitis B) are preventable by vaccines.

Buccal and Sublingual Vaccines: A Review on Oral Mucosal Immunization and Delivery Systems.

Currently, most vaccines available on the market are for parental use; however, this may not be the best option on several occasions. Mucosal routes of administration such as intranasal, sublingual, and buccal generate great interest due to the benefits they offer. These range from increasing patient compliance to inducing a more effective immune response than that achieved through conventional routes.

Novel ablative laser mediated transdermal immunization for microparticulate measles vaccine.

With the need for safe and efficacious vaccines which could be administered via non-invasive procedure, alternatives to traditional injectables vaccines are sought after. The present study aimed to develop the microparticulate formulation of measles vaccine and explore the feasibility of transdermal delivery via ablative laser mediated skin microporation. Transdermal route offers several advantages including painless immunization and ease of administration.

Exploring the Potential of T-Cells for a Universal Influenza Vaccine.

Among the four types of influenza viruses, the influenza A strains and their subtypes have been responsible for causing worldwide pandemics and seasonal epidemics [...

Novel Whole-Cell Inactivated Microparticles as Vaccine Formulation in Microneedle-Based Transdermal Immunization.

is a strict human pathogen responsible for more than 100 million new sexually transmitted infections worldwide each year. Due to the global emergence of antibiotic resistance, the Center for Disease control (CDC) recently listed as an urgent threat to public health. No vaccine is available in spite of the huge disease burden and the possibility of untreatable gonorrhea.

Physicochemical and Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Buccal Measles Vaccine.

The aim of this study is to develop an orally disintegrating film (ODF) containing a microparticulate measles vaccine formulation for buccal delivery. The measles vaccine microparticles were made with biocompatible and biodegradable bovine serum albumin (BSA) and processed by spray drying. These vaccine microparticles were incorporated in the ODF, consisting of Lycoat RS720®, Neosorb P60W® and Tween 80.

Evaluation of various adjuvant nanoparticulate formulations for meningococcal capsular polysaccharide-based vaccine.

Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis and its capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are a major virulence factor in meningococcal infections and form the basis for serogroup designation and preventive vaccines. We have formulated a novel meningococcal nanoparticulate vaccine formulation that does not require chemical conjugation, but encapsulates meningococcal CPS polymers in a biodegradable material that slowly release antigens, thereby has antigen depot effect to enhance antigenicity. The novel vaccine formulation is inexpensive and can be stored as a dry powder with extended shelf life that does not require the cold-chain which facilitates storage and distribution.

A comprehensive production method of self-cryoprotected nano-liposome powders.

This study provided a convenient approach for large scale production of hydrogenated soya phosphatidylcholine nano-liposome powders using beclometasone dipropionate as a model drug and sucrose as proliposome carrier. Fluid-bed coating was employed to manufacture proliposomes by coating sucrose with the phospholipid (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% weight gains), followed by hydration, size reduction using high pressure homogenization, and freeze-drying to yield stable nano-vesicles. High pressure homogenization was compared with probe-sonication in terms of liposome size, zeta potential and drug entrapment.

Induction of death receptor CD95 and co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 by meningococcal capsular polysaccharide-loaded vaccine nanoparticles.

Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis, and its capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are a major virulence factor in meningococcal infections and form the basis for serogroup designation and protective vaccines. We formulated a novel nanovaccine containing meningococcal CPS as an antigen encapsulated in albumin-based nanoparticles (NPs) that does not require chemical conjugation to a protein carrier. These nanoparticles are taken up by antigen-presenting cells and act as antigen depot by slowly releasing the antigen.