A systematic review on the use of explainability in deep learning systems for computer aided diagnosis in radiology: Limited use of explainable AI?

Objectives: This study aims to contribute to an understanding of the explainability of computer aided diagnosis studies in radiology that use end-to-end deep learning by providing a quantitative overview of methodological choices and by discussing the implications of these choices for their explainability.

Methods: A systematic review was executed using the preferred reporting items for systemic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Primary diagnostic test accuracy studies using end-to-end deep learning for radiology were identified from the period January 1st, 2016, to January 20th, 2021.

Interobserver Reliability in Imaging-Based Fracture Union Assessment-Two Systematic Reviews.

Objectives: (A) To investigate the specialty of observers involved in imaging-based assessment of bone fracture union in recent orthopaedic trials and (B) to provide a general overview of observer differences (in terms of interobserver reliability) in radiologic fracture union assessment that have been reported between surgeons and radiologists.

Data Sources: Two separate systematic reviews (A, B) of English-, German-, and French-language articles in MEDLINE and Embase databases using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were done, with the following time frames: (A) January 2016-August 2017 and (B) through November 2017.

Study Selection: (A) Clinical trials of surgical fracture treatment evaluating radiologic (non) union.

Damage of the distal radial physis in young gymnasts: can three-dimensional assessment of physeal volume on MRI serve as a biomarker?

Objective: To explore the use of quantitative volume assessment to identify the presence and extent of stress-related changes of the distal radial physis in gymnasts with suspected physeal injury, asymptomatic gymnasts, and non-gymnasts.

Methods: Symptomatic gymnasts with clinically suspected distal radial physeal injury, asymptomatic gymnasts, and non-gymnasts (n = 69) were included and matched on skeletal age and sex. Volume measurements were performed on coronal water selective cartilage MRI images by creating three-dimensional physeal reconstructions semi-automatically using active-contour segmentation based on image-intensity thresholding.

Screening for child abuse using a checklist and physical examinations in the emergency department led to the detection of more cases.

Aim: We studied the accuracy of a screening checklist (SPUTOVAMO), complete physical examination (top-to-toe inspection, TTI) and their combination in detecting child abuse in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to the ED of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam between January 2011 and 1 July 2013 were included. An Expert Panel assigned a consensus diagnosis to positive cases.

A systematic review on posterior circumflex humeral artery pathology: sports and professions at risk and associated risk factors.

Introduction: Posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) aneurysm formation and thrombosis as overuse injury in the dominant shoulder can result in ischemia of the forearm, hand and digits due to arterial embolisms. Increased awareness among physicians is necessary as PCHA pathology (PCHAP) might be underdiagnosed. Knowledge of sports and professions at risk and risk-factors for obtaining PCHAP is essential for the development of future preventive measures.

Systematic assessment of the growth plates of the wrist in young gymnasts: development and validation of the Amsterdam MRI assessment of the Physis (AMPHYS) protocol.

Objectives: To develop and validate a protocol for MRI assessment of the distal radial and ulnar periphyseal area in gymnasts and non-gymnasts.

Methods: Twenty-four gymnasts with wrist pain, 18 asymptomatic gymnasts and 24 non-gymnastic controls (33 girls) underwent MRI of the wrist on a 3T scanner. Sequences included coronal proton density-weighted images with and without fat saturation, and three-dimensional water-selective cartilage scan and T2 Dixon series.

Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins During Uncomplicated Malaria: A Cohort Study in Lambaréné, Gabon.

AbstractThe serum lipid profile in malaria patients has been found to differ from that of healthy controls. We investigated serum lipid profile changes in malaria patients over time compared with patients with other febrile diseases. In total, 217 patients were included in the study (111 malaria patients and 106 symptomatic controls, defined as malaria-negative febrile patients).